スペインでは2012年には不況による失業や収入減による電気料金の不払いで1'400'000件の家庭の電気が切断さる。2006年は600'000件。Iberdrola電力会社は2012年には588'120件の切断、Endesa電気会社は524'814件の切断。これは20'000'000件(2000万件の電気契約の家庭の5%)。これにGas Natural Fenosa電力会社の6'000'000件(600万件)の契約の5%の300'000件の切断を加えると合計1'400'000(140万件)の電気切断。
Las eléctricas cortaron la luz de 1,4 millones de viviendas en 2012
La subida de la factura y la caída del poder adquisitivo dispara los impagos
Las desconexiones de suministro se han duplicado desde 2006
Tregua eléctrica contra el frío
Uno de cada cuatro clientes de las eléctricas no sabe qué tarifa tiene
Raquel Vidales Madrid 26 NOV 2013 - 00:01 CET
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The power cut light 1.4 million homes in 2012
The rise of the invoice and the falling purchasing power triggered defaults
Supply disconnections have doubled since 2006
Truce power against cold
One in four customers of electric rate does not know what has
Vidales Raquel Madrid 26 NOV 2013 - 00:01 CET
About 1.4 million homes suffered an outage for unpaid last year in Spain , more than double than before the crisis in 2006 recorded 600,000. The sector is reluctant to provide global figures , so you can not set an exact amount , but if you dive on reports of Iberdrola and Endesa, the two companies account for 80 % of supply, and the only ones published data , you can get a significant approximation . In 2012 , Iberdrola suspended supply a total of 588,120 times and 524,814 Endesa did on occasions ( includes Portugal , but according to supply itself in that country has very little market and the percentage is irrelevant). Among both performed 1,112,934 disconnections, which supposes a rate of around 5 % of all domestic customers - about 20 million , according to the National Energy Commission (CNE ) - . Extrapolating this percentage to the six million who have contracted the service with other operators would have to add 300,000 more disconnections .
Overall, in 2012 there were about 1.4 million power outages for nonpayment . It is rare that a family will occur twice in a year , say in Endesa , so it can be said that most of those cuts occurred in dwellings , although it should be noted that in some cases it is second homes and can also be included small businesses with domestic consumption.
Since 2007 the electricity bill has increased by 60 % and the average household income has declined 8.5% , according to the National Statistics Institute ( INE). The result is that families are finding it increasingly difficult to pay the bill - 9.2% delayed - do , which means more outages . Never before has the figure had been as high . The only pre-crisis data corresponds to 2006, when the total number of disconnections learned to be included in a report from the CNE to the European Commission then recorded 600,000 , less than half that in 2012 . From there you jump to 2010 , the first year for which data are known Iberdrola and Endesa , to establish another comparison : between the two totaled 933,760 , nearly 180,000 less than that accumulated last year.
Reconnection in less than 48 hours
According to the data of Endesa and Iberdrola , more than half of clients who suffer an outage pay their debt within 48 hours , and much of the rest does the maximum in a month. "In this type of service is low actual default , everyone tries to pay as soon as possible for the return of the supply ," explains Luis Salvaterra , CEO of Intrum Justitia , a Swedish multinational collection management carried out each year study on the rate of default risk in 29 European countries. The Unesa employer , they belong to the big five power (Endesa , Iberdrola, Gas Natural Fenosa , E.ON and HC ) , created a record of defaulters in 2005, which has gone this year to recognize repeat customers between free market to try to change companies after leaving an unpaid bill .
According to the report of Intrum 2013, the delinquency rate on essential supplies ( water, electricity , gas) is lower than in other sectors ( professional, financial , construction, etc. . ) But gained enough with the crisis. In Spain the losses of energy and water companies for defaults have increased from 1.5 % in 2008 to 2 % in 2013 , similar to the European average evolution.
The escalation worries and put on the table the growing problem of fuel poverty , but so far the government has not taken steps to address it . Last week PP rejected five amendments to the reform of the electricity sector proposed ban cuts to vulnerable families during the winter, as is the case for several years in the UK and more recently in France. Only the Junta de Andalucía has taken a step forward by announcing that it is preparing a decree to ensure service to people at risk of exclusion.
Electrical say the suspension of supply is the last resort option that before a default. "They tend to spend four months since the default until it is communicated to the appropriate court. At that time, the client , if you want , you can negotiate a payment plan to avoid shutdown " , say from Endesa . " Before you get to that end we offer collection alternatives in which takes into account both the amount of the invoice as historical customer default . Fundamentally, deferred payments without interest are offered , "explain in Gas Natural Fenosa , a company that does not reveal your data default . Iberdrola also highlights the possibility of hiring a flat fee for the entire year to relieve the months bill increased consumption.
The Spanish legislation provides that companies can suspend the supply to domestic customers with TUR rate (regulated by the government) not earlier than two months since the default is communicated, but in practice companies often give two months' extension. The law does not protect customers who have purchased the service in the free market, which are outside the TUR and account for about 30 %, so that in these cases the company usually impose their terms in contracts. " They do free will , sometimes in five days. And what's worse, there are people that his company has passed the open market without notice and do not know , still believe in the TUR because they pay the same, but do not really have the same level of protection , "warns Ruben Sanchez, the consumer organization Facua .
Anyway, after that deadline required by law , no turning back : the cut is withering . " One morning you wake up and no light . No one comes to warn you that they can do remotely, have automated "reports José Manuel Goig , father of a family with two children of Sant Boi de Llobregat (Barcelona ) that went dark one morning last May 21 by not pay their bills since January. " I had been notified in writing that had until June 11 to pay my debt , but the date was wrong. I was rushing to the last moment because we're very fair , the only fixed income we have now is the pension of my grandmother of 92 , who lives with us, and me I plan to pay a monthly bill , I can not with all the time, " he laments.
Goig had to gather in one morning 147,30 euros ( the sum of the bills for January, February and March). But also in the next bill I had to pay 20 euros for the cost of reconnection. " You do not know what would those costs because they did everything remotely . It is rather a punishment, " he says. Yes, as paid what was recovered light. "In a few hours we returned to have the service. I could get in a morning thanks to my family , but not everyone is that lucky , "he says .
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