スペインの銀行の金融改革による銀行の健全化、増資、経営の透明化の努力と責任
OPINIÓN
El esfuerzo y compromiso de los bancos españoles
Las entidades afrontan con confianza las pruebas de calidad de activos por parte del BCE
Pedro Pablo Villasante 19 ENE 2014 - 00:00 CET
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OPINION
The effort and commitment of the Spanish banks
Institutions face with confidence the quality tests of assets by the ECB
Pedro Pablo Villasante 19 ENE 2014 - 00:00 CET
The year 2013 just ended has been difficult in the economic and financial field, but as the months passed , it was configured as a bridge to recovery year , predictably , albeit slowly, coming in 2014.
Further back is the grueling year 2012, which was instrumental in Spain , as major economic reforms were adopted and the great fit of our financial system was undertaken by a profound exercise in transparency , consolidation and recapitalization .
Later that same year , the European Council agreed to give the eurozone a unique mechanism of banking supervision , entrusting the European Central Bank ( ECB) the prudential supervision of credit institutions , which constitutes the first step of a plan European financial integration known as Union Bank . Financial integration , in turn , is part of a much more ambitious, aimed at achieving genuine economic and monetary union of the countries of the euro area, with an integrated budgetary framework ( fiscal union ) , an integrated policy framework ( economic union ) and increased legitimacy and democratic control ( political union ) .
The banking union is the block that is considered more necessary in the short term, and in addition to the ECB as a bank supervisor, proposes to operate with a common financial regulation , a bank resolution mechanism that will be part of an authority and unique resolution fund , and a common deposit guarantee scheme .
Member banks of the Spanish Banking Association ( AEB) have endorsed wholeheartedly rapid progress in this European financial integration project , supporting the need asap with a single supervisor and a single bank resolution mechanism , considering that are essential to overcome the fragmentation of European financial market caused by the perverse interconnection between bank debt and sovereign debt of each State steps. It will also help to dispel the doubts that still exist about the solvency of some European banks , questions that are contributing to prolong the climate of financial instability and delaying the exit from the economic crisis.
We must continue to correct acanzando bulky external liability position
In this context, the Spanish banks faced with Confidence tests of asset quality and resistance throughout 2014 will make the ECB in November before assuming responsibility as sole supervisor. These tests serve to increase transparency and facilitate comparison between entities under common European methodology.
The determination and the ECB's ability to clear the uncertainties in 2012 on the irreversibility of the euro and secure the future of the single currency , alongside the aforementioned ambitious European integration , allowed , throughout 2013, the economy eurozone countries , and especially the so-called peripheral , from benefiting from the relief experienced in the financial markets , with greater stability and open markets debt .
The indicators of our economy throughout 2013 have shown improvement as a result of a less favorable evolution of domestic demand in a context in which exports were the most dynamic element . Thus, our GDP grew slightly in the third quarter by 0.1 %, the first progress made since 2011 , ending nine consecutive quarters of recession .
In addition , the perception of Spain has significantly improved compared to a year ago . Recall that in 2012 we were faced with the imminent rescue of our economy was finally on a financial assistance program of up to 100,000 million euros , through the Mede , to recapitalize the financial system. From there we have moved in a year , the beginning of the return of confidence of foreign investors in our country with a nascent economic recovery and after the provision of 41% only of the total provided , clean out the assistance program after comply with all the requirements.
This relative improvement , despite the difficult circumstances in which we find ourselves, has been possible thanks to the tremendous effort made collectively in Spain and the whole effect of the reforms aimed at fiscal consolidation to ensure the sustainability of public finances , the recapitalization and restructuring of financial sector reform in the labor market as a set of reforms of different scope and depth to support and enhance our competitiveness.
However, to preserve the positive effects achieved , continue progress in correcting the bulging front of the net debtor position abroad, improving competitiveness and reducing high existing debt , both public administrations and the households and the private sector. Imbalances , with the public deficit remain strong economic recovery and prevent the reduction of a socially unacceptable unemployment rate .
Although we do not have results at year-end 2013 , we know that in the first nine months , Spanish banks reported a consolidated net attributable profit of EUR 6.702 million , obtained in an adverse economic and financial environment of macrodesaceleración and falling interest rates, not conducive to banking, as it negatively affects the net interest and simultaneously to the quality of credit portfolios with rising delinquencies , which makes the need for provisions to remain high .
The benefit is modest , compared favorably with that recorded during the same period last year, it's because it was a unique year in 2012 by the application of two royal decrees laws extraordinary sanitation sector that led an effort endowment unusual and now distort the comparison. Even so , the volume of supplies and equipment consist of Spanish banks in the first nine months of 2013 is important and stands at 18.000 million.
Since the financial crisis began , the Spanish banks are doing with their own, a colossal effort to strengthen its balance sheet , while increasing the consolidation of its assets and the level of equity .
From 2007 to September 2013, conducted sanitation , through its income statement, amounted to 158.163 million , representing 15% of national GDP and double the consolidated profit attributable published in this period. In September 2013 , the level of capitalization of the Spanish banking groups remained well above the minimum requirement , with a ratio according to the criteria of BIS greater than 13.6% , reflecting an excess of 58,000 million equity euros. The higher quality of the solvency ratio , core capital , is 11.46% , almost double of that in 2007.
This enhancement has been done , besides not having received public assistance, provided that have relieved their balance sheets and income statements for the transfer of problematic and unproductive to SAREB real estate assets, as have other national and international organizations that have enjoyed Similar schemes .
In addition , Spanish banks have helped in recent years to bear a substantial part of the losses caused by the crisis in some savings through deposit insurance fund by subscription and much of the private capital SAREB , and reduction of the cost that the financial crisis has had on the state and taxpayers .
Finally , note that the management effort made by Spanish banks to preserve their economic and financial situation throughout the crisis , is part of its commitment to the Spanish economy , an attitude that is helping to finance the expected recovery .
Pedro Pablo Villasante is secretary general of the Spanish Banking Association ( AEB) .
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