スペインとモロッコの国境の街のMelilla市のモロッコ側で、多くの西アフリカ人が高さ6mの3重の国境の金網を乗り越えてスペインに密入国しようと待機。
OPINIÓN
Vivir con miedo: la frontera entre Marruecos y España
España y Marruecos pueden y deben asegurar sus fronteras, pero esto no habilita a ninguno de los dos gobiernos a cometer abusos contra migrantes ni los exime de su responsabilidad de respetar los derechos humanos
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Katya Salmi 26 MAR 2014 - 17:56 CET
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OPINION
Living in fear: the border between Morocco and Spain
Spain and Morocco can and must secure its borders, but this does not enable any of the two governments to commit abuses against migrants nor disclaims their responsibility to respect human rights
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Katya Salmi 26 MAR 2014 - 17:56 CET
From Mount Gurugú , Melilla view - at least legally , if not geographically part of Europe - allows migrants believe that it is possible to reach the European continent from Morocco . However, looking down , you can also see that their proximity is to some extent an illusion. The Spanish enclave is protected by three fences , barbed wire and the constant patrolling of the Spanish and Moroccan authorities .
In January , I participated in a team that climbed the steep and wooded hill to interview migrants trying desperately to get to Spain . Migrants wary of any stranger, and before talking with us we verified that did not follow police and that there was no presence of members of Auxiliary Forces , a paramilitary force that is responsible for monitoring the borders of Morocco .
Migrants trying to enter Melilla through assaults in large groups , which sometimes consist circumvent fencing with wooden stairs or manually directly climb the fence . Just try to climb the fence carries the risk of serious injuries from the barbed wire . And often the Auxiliary Forces throw stones and hit with sticks migrants , as some of them told us during sustained interviews in January and February .
Migrants also risk their lives when trying to enter Ceuta , the other Spanish enclave on the Mediterranean coast . On February 6 , at least 15 people drowned while trying to reach Ceuta by sea. Interior Minister Jorge Fernandez Diaz confirmed that the Spanish Civil Guard fired rubber bullets to water, and were taken video footage where you see the Spanish officers , after intercepting the survivors on the beach, return them immediately to Moroccan territory . Minister Fernandez said it was a legitimate action , because the migrants had not crossed the police line and were not considered to be in Spanish territory.
In Melilla , it is customary for members of the Civil Guard apprehend the few immigrants who manage to enter the Spanish territory before they can reach the migrant reception center . Agents take them back to the fence, open the doors and handing summarily expel the Moroccan Auxiliary Forces across numbered the migrants. The Spanish authorities did not meet due process for deportation are required under national legislation , nor granted to asylum seekers the opportunity to seek shelter.
Once you are returned to the Moroccan side , migrants are at the mercy of the Auxiliary Forces . Several migrants with whom we dialogue in Nador and Rabat indicated that the Auxiliary Forces guards often forced to lie face down on the floor with his hands cuffed behind his back while beating and robbing them Aliboev them money and valuables.
Migrants are then taken to the police station . By November , they were usually then arrested, taken by bus to the border with Algeria and Morocco forced to leave , and thus circumventing the requirements of due process and judicial administrative deportation requiring national laws and international law . Late last year, police began to move them on buses to major cities such as Rabat and Casablanca, to free them once there.
Despite reforms in Morocco that ended expulsions on the border with Algeria , migrants in areas north of the country close to Ceuta and Melilla are still living in fear of the possibility of abuse of control agents and Spanish Moroccan border .
Spain and Morocco can and must secure its borders , but this does not enable any of the two governments to commit abuses against migrants nor disclaims their responsibility to respect human rights. Morocco should ensure that the Auxiliary Forces force against migrants apply only to the extent necessary and proportionate to the legitimate law enforcement . And the authorities should in turn investigate allegations of abuse. Sometimes the Moroccan and Spanish authorities claim to act in response to migrants who resist arrest or attack border agents , but many of the migrants with whom I had a chance to talk said they were beaten once already in custody authorities .
Spain should not expel summarily to deliver Moroccan migrants and border agents that could beat them. The Spanish law not only provides a clear procedure for deportation , but also these expulsions violate international law and the European Union , which prohibits countries forcibly send people back to areas where they would be exposed to a particular risk inhuman or degrading treatment.
The Spanish authorities should investigate all accusations of excessive use of force by members of the Guardia Civil and adopt clear written protocols for border operations to help prevent injuries and loss of life .
In the implementation of operational border security , Morocco and Spain should not forget that the undocumented migrants , like all people, have human rights.
Katya Salmi is a fellow of the Africa program at Human Rights Watch and author of a new report on conditions at the Moroccan border with the Spanish enclaves.
OPINION
恐怖の中で生きている:モロッコとスペインの国境
スペインとモロッコと国境を確保しなければならないことができますが、これは移住者に対する人権侵害をコミットするために両国政府のいずれかを使用可能にも、人権を尊重する責任を負わないものとします
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カティアサルミ26 MAR 2014 - 午後05時56分CET
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