EL PAIS
ドイツ政府は、株式上場企業は、その取締役の30%を女性にあてるように促す。
Alemania impulsa cuotas de mujeres en las grandes empresas
Las firmas cotizadas estarán obligadas a reservar un 30% de plazas en los Consejos de Administración
El giro de Berlín es clave para regular en Europa
Enrique Müller / María R. Sahuquillo Berlín / Madrid 25 MAR 2014 - 22:22 CET
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Germany urges women shares in large companies
Listed companies will be required to reserve 30% of seats on the Board of Directors
Rotation is key to Berlin regularly in Europe
Enrique Müller / Mary R. Sahuquillo Berlin / Madrid 25 MAR 2014 - 22:22 CET
Germany is getting closer to passing a mandatory quota for women in corporate management bodies and thus give a boost to regulation preparing Europe. The economic power of the EU, which had always been reluctant to enforce the balance (or close to it ) by law, give the green light is expected before the end of the year to a regulation fixing for women at least 30 % of chairs the supervisory boards of large companies , a body that approves management companies , and comprising all non-executive directors . The project will affect at least 108 large companies , which employ more than 2,000 people, who have until 2016 to implement the standard . If they fail , for whatever reason , not meet the quota , the seats reserved for them will be empty. This measure Germany will join the group of countries , such as Holland, France, Belgium and Italy ( with different time frames and different percentages of representation) , were fixed quota for women in senior leadership of companies.
Companies that do not comply with the mandate leave the seat vacant
The remarkable change in position of Merkel , who in the past had never been in favor of a mandatory quota for women alone had been in favor of dialogue with the management of companies , is influenced by the strong pressure being made by the President the German Social Democratic Party , economy minister and vice chancellor , Sigmar Gabriel. In the first 100 days in office , the Social Democratic ministers have promoted a social agenda where all pensions, minimum wages, rents and now the controversial quota for women included .
The regulation , which yesterday detailed the Minister of Justice , Heiko Maas, and Family Minister Manuela Schwesig - Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) - had sparked bitter debates between the parties that form the grand coalition government , also with the unions , who did not look kindly and always pushed for corporate self-regulation . In fact, until recently this was the formula that defended the chancellor, Angela Merkel.
The new law, which will be sent to the Federal Parliament later this month , also provides that the supervisory boards of firms that have a minimum of 50% of public - participation as Deutche Bahn , the railway company - it is obligatory occupy one of two vacant positions for a woman from 2016 . Also, fixed some 3,500 companies with fewer than 2,000 employees must also encourage female participation in management bodies , although in this case in your hands leave the how and what steps. The measure includes sections such as the administration, the courts and the companies with state participation have to publish an equality plan every four years where the goals are mentioned to increase female participation in the governing bodies .
The SPD change has forced Chancellor reluctantthis measure
The adoption of the law will be in Germany than 174 women become part of the supervisory boards - like elements decide the nomination and executive pay and are similar to the Boards of Directors in Spain - , according to government estimates . "In Germany there are 40 million women , therefore , will not be hard to find a 174 ," said yesterday the head of that department.
Until now , women's representation in managerial positions of German companies has been nothing high . Women hold more than 16% of the chairs of the boards , a percentage that is right on the European average , but the differences between countries are very large : in Finland are 27% and Malta 3% , according a community official study with data from 2012. That year, in Spain only represented over 11% , a figure that has improved this year to 16.6 % in the IBEX - 35 and to 17.6 % overall . But even in countries such as Finland and Sweden can boast of being the first in the ranking is the percentage of balance. And much poorer if you consider that women account for years , 60% of college graduates .
It is an inequality that Brussels has been trying to combat. Merkel , the measure explained yesterday, it would advance to the regulation promoted by the European Commission , and especially for his vice president Viviane Reding , which sets a quota of 40 % of the underrepresented sex ( ie women ) in Advice Directors of listed companies . The directive , which gives 2018 deadline for public companies , and the rest to 2020 , scored in late November last positive vote by the European Parliament. But now goes his way. After a long period of negotiations within the Commission - ended decaffeinating its proposal to eliminate the explicit penalties on noncompliant companies - must go now by the European Council. There the ministers of the Member States discussed.
Spanish Equality Act merely recommendscompanies
And those quotes Merkel 's stance is an important key . Until recently , Germany was among the countries interested in the standard block along with Britain , the Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech Republic , Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania , Hungary and Malta. States estimate that regulation should be in each country and who are committed to self-regulation and dialogue with companies. But self-regulation and codes of practice , judging by the data, do not work. Since 2003, the percentage of women in senior leadership has been little progress : less than one percentage point per year , although somewhat faster since some countries approve specific measures, including quotas. In fact, before starting the gear to produce the policy of quotas, Reding launched a cracking of large European companies : agree and urged them to self-regulate . It did not work and changed its course towards quotas.
European law , which shall not apply to micro and small and medium enterprises ( less than 250 employees ) , does not establish penalties - it leaves it to each state but that companies must comply not officially clarify why have not achieved the goal . MEPs also proposed to exclude unequal companies public tenders. In Spain , the Equality Act merely recommends companies to balance their management bodies , although there are several agreements signed , the last few months by the Minister Ana Mato- by which companies commit to it. Commitments , albeit without penalty if violated .
People like Reding and now Merkel defended the quota system in the political arena not argue (or at least not only ) a matter of social justice but economic and competitive reasons. " A social market economy requires a highly competitive and our experience we know that competition is greater when men and women have an equal opportunity society ," said the chancellor in the Bundestag in late January . Several studies, including one from McKinsey or even 2009 OECD data show that more balanced business perform better .
It is a matter of justice and economic , supporters say
In that spirit Norway initiated the regulation imposes a minimum of 40% of women in the business elite . In this country (not an EU member ) , a pioneer in the parity law and has become an example, was a Conservative government that brought forward the standard in 2002. Since then the chairs occupied by women have increased from 7% in 2002 to 44%. At the time, Justice Minister Ansgar Gabrielsen it was clear : "Women are at least 50% of university graduates . No reason to waste his talent, training, further invest in , and then not on the boards . It's logical . "
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