東南アジアでは軍事費をプッシュ
El sureste asiático empuja su gasto militar
Rusia gastará 503.000 millones de euros en el periodo 2011-2020 para renovar el 70% de su armamento
Thomas Gualtieri Madrid 27 MAR 2014 - 20:03 CET
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Southeast Asia pushes military spending
Russia will spend 503,000 million in 2011-2020 to renew 70% of its weapons
Thomas Gualtieri Madrid 27 MAR 2014 - 20:03 CET
New global trends in military spending passed by Russia, China and its Asian neighbors. While Chuck Hagel , Secretary of Defense in the U.S., proposed in late February reduce the number of Army troops to 440,000 to 450,000 - the lowest since 1940 - just days after Beijing announced that in 2014 spent 96,000 million for his defense euros , 12.2% more than the previous year. Chinese increase adds an intense Russian rearmament plan and the rise of the Japanese military budget due to border disputes in the Pacific Ocean which faces China and South Korea . In a time when the Institute for Peace Research Institute (SIPRI , its acronym in English ) estimates world military budget for 2012 ( the latest year available ) on almost 1.26 billion euros , ie 2 5% of global GDP and more than before the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 , the most significant investment in armaments pulses are concentrated in the east.
Moscow increased its military spending in 2012 by 16 %. The public defense budget for the next year will be 4.8% of GDP, compared to 4.4 % of the 2012 year. " The high rents generated by oil and gas exports play a key role in the increase in military spending of Moscow , which grows as the government cut the welfare state and public health . The Executive considers defense and security as major issues , and the current situation in Ukraine implies that this policy will not change in the short term , "notes Craig Caffrey , an analyst military budget journal IHS Jane's . The state plan weapons that Russia has launched for the period 2011-2020 envisages an investment of 503,000 million to renew 70% of its weapons . But "the obsolete machinery , poor organization , aging army and widespread corruption difficult to assess the effective Russian military potential ," says Sam Perlo -Freeman , director of the Research Programme and heavy military weapons productions SIPRI .
Decisions of the great powers are embedded in a broader framework , that follows the same trends : hit by the economic crisis, 20 of the 37 countries of Western and Central Europe reduced their military spending by more than 10% between 2008 and 2012 while , according to SIPRI data , in the same period the budget of Asian countries has been steadily increasing.
The significant increase in military spending in Asia "is the result of economic growth in China and its ambitions for power . Beijing wants to be ready to test effectively any U.S. involvement in territorial disputes involving their neighbors , such as Taiwan , "says Perlo -Freeman . The report on national defense , 2013 published by the Government confirms its vision Taipei : Taiwanese authorities underline the steady growth of China's strength relative to the U.S. , and in 2020 warned that Beijing may be able to invade and occupy their island.
SIPRI researcher , however , specifies that the Chinese maneuvers concern also extends to other countries: "While still maintaining the limit of 1 % of GDP on military expenditures , Japan is strengthening its army, mainly for fear of strengthening Beijing " . Shinzo Abe 's government announced last December a new military program for the period 2014-2019 , which provides for an increase of 5 % of its military budget to 174,000 million euros and the acquisition of new military equipment. But Perlo -Freeman specifies that the Japanese are not the only country on this path : "Vietnam is increasing its spending by selling oil and gas because of the fight with China over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea . And the Philippines, for disputes in the same areas , is doing the same . "
Perlo -Freeman also explained that Indonesia is strengthening its military to ensure greater protection to its extensive archipelago and its territorial waters. So despite the reduction of the military budget in Taiwan , Malaysia and Singapore , the experts of the magazine IHS Jane's estimated that countries in Southeast Asia will spend in 2020 340.000 million euros , 28% of overall expenditure and four percentage points more than in 2013.
Increasing the military budget is also recorded in Europe , Africa , and Middle East. According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London ( IISS , in its acronym in English ), Saudi Arabia army intended to 42,800 million euros more than 1865 UK and is the fourth - biggest spender in the world after the United States , China and Russia.
Other states, such as Turkey , Brazil and South Korea, have achieved technological advances and know -how needed to develop its military, but " only Seoul has real prospects of becoming completely autonomous in the production of large weapons in medium term , "qualifies Caffrey, of IHS Jane's . " The increase in military spending is directly linked to GDP growth . In China , India , Japan and South Korea , the link is obvious. Last year China invested 25,830 million euros in supply of military equipment and R & D in military field , " he says.
New trends , however, tell only part of the story : according to The Military Balance 2014 , a report has calculated that the IISS military budgets of the 15 countries that disbursed in the world in this sector , the United States spends their arms 430 509 000 euros, a figure that almost reaches the sum of the budgets of the other 14 countries ( 455 262 000 ) . China, the second country in this ranking, spent - before announcing increased its estimate of 80,505 million euros a year. "To reach U.S. levels , Beijing will have to maintain an economic growth of 10 % over the next 20 years. And that in itself is a big challenge, " Giri riveted Rajendran , IISS researcher .
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