欧州の銀行統合で、金融危機を未然に防しする対策が発効
TRIBUNA
Unión Bancaria, año cero
Este acuerdo de la UE evitará que el contribuyente vuelva a pagar futuras crisis
Luis de Guindos 21 ABR 2014 - 00:00 CET
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TRIBUNE
Union Bank Year Zero
The EU agreement will prevent the taxpayer to pay back future crises
Luis de Guindos 21 ABR 2014 - 00:00 CET
The financial crisis has caused great damage not only in economic activity . Social consciousness has also suffered serious damage . Citizens have identified aid to the banking sector with the sacrifices they have had to make to get out of the crisis. They have demanded solutions to their Governments to ensure the health of financial institutions , ban bad practices that led to the disaster and prevent the taxpayer to pay back future crises. This is the essence of the banking union agreement just reached in the European Union and dare to qualify at least as important as the one that gave birth to the euro as currency in 1999 .
Even though there had been no crisis , with so much depth and duration as we have experienced a banking union would have been equally necessary . The mere coordination between supervisors and regulators has proved insufficient to ensure economic and financial integration , especially among countries that share currency. Financial markets are fragmented by geography , with mixed financing costs for families and businesses. Monetary policy does not translate effectively to the real economy. Remove barriers , harmonize criteria match conditions, only monitoring , protecting all alike ... this is about .
A bank in any corner of a EU country will not be a Spanish bank, French or Italian. It will be a European bank . Shall meet the same standards of solvency , will be monitored by the same supervisor, will go through the same checks and will dissolve , if no other remedy , for the same procedures. The path that Europe has taken is that of integration in many areas ; of course, finance is the most can help us to prevent future crises. All efforts to get away from that process is going against the times, stay outdoors. Know this very well operators should bear this in mind and some politicians believe that the citizens are so understanding .
In Spain we have reorganized and recapitalized the financial sector in just two years
The Union Bank agreement has been complex , but I think it worth the effort . Still have not really launched and planned mechanisms are already noticing positive effects. We have spent several months of calm in the markets , which is largely attributed to the fact that despite the difficulties , it is considered to politicians able to agree on something as substantial as is the regulation of the financial system at European level. Spain has been in some way shape of this agreement. We have participated in the decisive moments , as fourth largest economy in the eurozone we are. Our recent experience , the way we have solved the problems and the fact that he fulfilled the commitments it has made us regain prestige as a country.
The architecture of the Banking Union rotates on two main pillars . There will be one supervisor which will become operational in autumn this year. There will be a Single Resolution Mechanism will enter into force in January 2015 and to be completed with a Single Resolution Fund the creation of which is scheduled for January 2016. Well there be the same rules solvency , restructuring of banks and deposit insurance . The only supervisor will be the European Central Bank, which directly monitor the significant or systemic institutions ; ie 80 % of Europe , 90 % in the Spanish case. The Bank of Spain will partner the ECB in this responsibility.
The One Resolution Mechanism is perhaps the aspect that has cost design , but has managed to establish a common framework for the management of banking crises . There will be a Single Authority responsible for taking decisions in a period that will not exceed 24 hours Resolution . The Resolution Fund will act as a last resort and will equivalent to 1% of the guaranteed deposits at European level funds. It will at least 55,000 million. It will be the industry itself sustain this fund, not the taxpayer; is very important to highlight . In the case of Spain , the contribution will be around 12% of the total.
With the Single Resolution Mechanism a common framework for managing
of banking crises
The amount may seem small compared to the cost of the recent banking crisis , for example, in Spain , has been clearly superior. But it is not. This is a fund mutualizará within eight years to be fully European , not national . That is, there will be a common response to the settlement of a particular entity in a particular country. The Fund may also seek a resolution to the markets if necessary . An operation of this scale , which has the implicit backing of the U.S. and has been endorsed by the European Parliament, could say it means, ultimately putting " all eggs in one basket ."
Another issue that has raised questions is what happens to the depositors ; how they will affect the resolution or liquidation of a bank. Here we will follow the provisions of the Banking Resolution Policy , which aims to avoid the cost to the taxpayer and give maximum protection to depositors. The shareholders bear losses first , and after them , the remaining creditors. Depositors maintain coverage for amounts up to 100,000 euros , to which the maximum privilege treatment and protection as creditors of banks adds . Additionally, all individuals and SME deposits above 100,000 euros shall enjoy a special privilege that will strengthen its position over other unsecured creditors .
No doubt that a banking union involves some transfer of sovereignty . Then I welcome that . If there is anything to regret not having had these instruments well before. In Spain we had to go ahead of our European partners in the implementation of similar measures , although we acted late in the banking crisis. That is the paradox . In just two years we have reorganized and recapitalized the financial sector and , what I consider most important , we have made a deep and rigorous exercise transparency. In short , European banks must undergo an analysis , at least as demanding . We entered the year zero of the Banking Union.
Luis de Guindos Jurado 's Minister of Economy and Competitiveness .
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