欧州行政委員会の雇用長官ラースローアンドール(ザラエゲルセグ、ハンガリー、 1966 )は、労働市場への若者の参加の難しさを懸念、欧州には勉強もしない労働もしない若者が1700万人もいる。スペインの若者の失業率は60%に達する。
LÁSZLÓ ANDOR / Comisario europeo de Empleo y Asuntos Sociales
“No podemos hablar del fin de la crisis con niveles tan altos de paro”
El Comisario europeo de Empleo y Asuntos Sociales afronta la recta final de su mandato preocupado por las dificultades de inserción de los jóvenes en el mercado laboral
Joaquín Ferrandis Valencia 7 ABR 2014 - 00:01 CET
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László Andor / European Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs
"We can not speak of the end of the crisis with such high levels of unemployment"
European Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs faces the final stretch of its mandate concerned about the difficulties of integrating young people into the labor market
Valencia Joaquín Ferrandis 7 ABR 2014 - 00:01 CET
The Employment Commissioner László Andor ( Zalaegerszeg , Hungary, 1966) , faces the final stretch of its mandate concerned about the difficulties of integrating young people into the labor market. In Europe it is estimated that 14 million people under 29 who neither study nor work. This situation threatens to become a serious futuro.En Spain , one of the main beneficiaries of EU programs against youth unemployment , the unemployment rate among young people is around 60% . Andor has been in Valencia on Thursday and will visit Madrid and Extremadura .
Question. U.S. has an unemployment rate of 6.7% and 12.1% EU What's wrong with Europe ? Response . Historically , unemployment in the EU has been higher than in the United States and both areas have a different pattern . If we see the impact of the crisis in the first phase , Europe fared better . In the period 2007-2009 unemployment rose faster in the U.S., while Europe maintained its ability to retain employment in industry , especially in Germany , where a million jobs were saved thanks to the reduction of days . The problem came after 2010 when the U.S. began to emerge from recession in the eurozone while another , driven by uncertainty over the euro occurred.
Q. Can the EU out of the crisis with unemployment rates of over 26% in Spain and Greece ?
"To recover faster employment additional stimulus would be necessary "
A. No. We can not speak of the end of the crisis while there is such high unemployment levels. The turning point came in 2012 when the European Central Bank announced new measures to stabilize the eurozone. In the second half of 2012 financial markets began to stabilize. The real economy did in the first half of 2013 and the recession stopped, but it was not until the second half when the labor market began to stabilize and unemployment stopped growing. That explains the logic sequence of recovery, but since the recovery is weak yet rapid recovery of employment levels occurs . This requires an additional stimulus to the economy and a more practical application of the measures we have been proposing , as the Youth Guarantee scheme would be necessary .
P. The EU adopted a specific program 2014-2015 for countries with youth unemployment rates above 25% . What is the ultimate goal ?
R. The goal is to ensure that no young person is stopped more than four months in any country. It is a major change from the current situation. There are many young people who are unemployed for longer periods a year and decide to leave their home . Countries like Ireland, Portugal and Greece have a high level of immigration to other continents , even though those same people , with high level of preparation , may have opportunities in Germany. That represents a huge loss of human capital and long-term damage . The youth employment program tries to connect to that group so that, if not quickly find a job , can have a subsidized training or more opportunities to find a job.
Q. Recommends the implementation of action?
" Spain has 1,000 million social fund and 881Youth Guarantee "
A. I do not have to recommend specific measures. In February last year, the government \ [ Spanish \ ] submitted more than 100 ideas to alleviate youth unemployment and encourage entrepreneurs. Afinales of that year the government had already initiated the plan itself. Now , you need to enable the Government to execute that plan and implement it with other funds to use it well . Spain has more than € 1,000 million from the European Social Fund for these programs, in addition to the 881 million specifically allocated to the Youth Guarantee .
Q. minijobs are provisional solution or a structural element of the labor market ?
R. are not structural . The question is repeated in all the forums that I attend . Germany has been a model , which was developed long ago , to be more likely , but even in Germany are taking stock of the experience and see that , in addition to increasing employment opportunities , created a sort of second labor market level is problematic , for example, pension rights because it is difficult to accumulate for retirement . We must focus on the real job , which we really gives economic competitiveness , which is what has to regenerate the labor market.
Q. Is it possible to reduce unemployment in Spain without changing the economic structure ?
" Cohesion policy of the EU in the periphery is to be more effective"
A. There are two elements that are critical : knowing how public employment services work and know the relationship between the economic model and the labor market . The fact that Spain has lost a great deal of employment, especially among young and unskilled males in 2008 and 2009 associated with the bursting of the housing bubble. An activity that was neither sustainable nor durable and has created many problems because many leveraged resources , has left many half-built houses and a growing number of homeless. This model must be revised because a modern economy, more innovation and more competitive industrial level is needed.
Q. What do you think of the effects of the underground economy in the labor market ?
R. This economy , by definition, is not visible and therefore it is difficult to obtain reliable statistics. I will make a proposal to address this problem : the creation of a European platform against undeclared work. If we tackle undeclared employment , we can help create jobs and fiscal consolidation and Spain need both.
P. Experts say there are two kinds of personasen the economy. Those who seek to defraud and trying to survive . How can Spain end this situation ?
A. We have no ability to advise , but there are interesting experiences, especially in Belgium. There are no mechanisms for unreported domestic services become part of the legal economy, checks or bonds - called service. However, we can not focus on that sector when other professions who evade taxes and do not declare their activity. The most important thing is to have a detailed study to have an overview of all countries before proposing measures . Then we can use the European platform for action.
P. Within the EU the best prepared countries in the southern people migrate north in search of work , increasing the imbalances. Is it possible to change this?
R. The free movement of workers is a right, but what we see is an expression of imbalances. We can not allow that imbalances in the eurozone are resolved only with the mobility of workers , because that will aggravate the situation . It is therefore important that the cohesion policy and support to the periphery more effective.
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