スペインでの2014年3月の社会保険加入者総数の16'300'000人(1630万にん)のうち、常勤(全日労働)で終身雇用の労働者は、経済危機以前の7'600'000人(760万人)から6'000'000人(600万にん)に減少。定期労働や定時労働が増加。
El empleo de calidad sigue en recesión
Los afiliados a la Seguridad Social con contrato indefinido a tiempo completo bajan un 3% respecto a 2013 y marcan un nuevo mínimo en más de una década
GRÁFICO La precaria recuperación del mercado laboral
Ofertas de empleo con contrato indefinido
Alejandro Bolaños Madrid 7 ABR 2014 - 00:01 CET
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Quality employment is still in recession
The members of Social Security with permanent full-time contract fell by 3% compared to 2013 and mark a new low in more than a decade
CHART The precarious labor market recovery
Jobs with permanent contracts
Alejandro Bolaños Madrid 7 ABR 2014 - 00:01 CET
Employment, after a very long winter for over six years , begins to stretch . Very slowly , but as membership data reflect the Social Security March , distributed last week, there is more work than a year ago . The trend will be reinforced in the spring , when some seasonal activities , with tourism at its head, driving recruitment.
Statistics also reveal that the first hint of recovery in the labor market is very weak ( about 115,000 more employed ) compared to what was lost (three million jobs ) . And above all , issues a severe jarring note : the use of higher quality still in recession .
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The group of members of the general social security scheme working full time and permanent contract continues to recede, although still the largest group of affiliates. In March fell to just over six million members ( of which 16.3 million Social Security records in total) , a far cry from the 7.6 million it reaped higher quality employment before the crisis. It is 3% less than in the same month in 2013 , and a new low in at least a decade.
If we look at the new additions to the labor market, the weight loss of the use of high quality, typically nurtured activities with higher added value is evident. " Out of 100 people who have agreed to employment in the last quarter , 42 have had a temporary contract full time, 30 part-time temporary contract , nine, one seven permanent full time, one part-time indefinite . The remaining 12 % were self-employed , "explains Sara de la Rica , professor at the University of the Basque Country and director of labor Observatory of the crisis, the Fedea foundation.
March was the only group with less busy than last year
For De la Rica , the data are inconclusive , " clearly predominates in access to employment and temporary contracts course , hiring part-time , but especially so indefinite time , is increasing significantly. I fear therefore that the path of temporality is the most common to find a job right now so , "he adds .
"Obviously , it's better than many quality jobs are created, permanent and full time. But in the current circumstances, the labor market recovery would be much slower , " tertiary Miguel Cardoso , chief economist for BBVA Spain . Cardoso remember this is a common pattern in the stages of economic recovery. " Not only in Spain , also in the United States , the situation was very similar ."
"The first reaction of firms in a crisis situation at the first spikes in demand is to increase staff productivity ," the economist BBVA. "But it has a roof , and Spain have already reached record highs. The following is start hiring , but while the situation is fragile, easily reversible chooses contracts as temporary or part-time contracts . This time he has begun to create jobs much earlier than in other recoveries . And that's positive , "he concludes .
"Grow the proportion of temporary to particial time ," warns an expert from BBVA
In previous crisis, the Spanish economy had to grow about 2 % annually to create new jobs . The next Labour Force Survey certify the first rise in employment compared to 2013 , although GDP barely off the 0 % annual rate in the first quarter. One explanation for this rapid response labor market lies precisely in the caliber of the destruction of jobs during the crisis, unprecedented .
But legal changes , labor reform front, the Government has introduced . For example, contracts for training , or education, have grown 40 % last year. It has also been provided that temporary contracts are made to under 30 not justify the cause, or that employers extend the hours of workers with part-time contract .
The question is whether the use of quality ground recover if economic growth accelerates. " Temporary contracts that encouraged the governments of Felipe González to exit the crisis continues to have a weight 25 years later ," recalls Manuel Lago economist technical office of Workers' Commissions . "It is the pathology of the Spanish labor economics, recessions usually get even more precarious, with the recipe to reduce costs to the employer, either through wage of the day or the contribution . And that , in addition to representing the worker , has negative externalities in remarkable economy, such as low-skilled or weight loss in domestic demand , "poses .
The precariousness questions the production model change
The Professor De la Rica expressed concern that the promotion of part-time contract "software when demand is not enough" is a measure " come to stay " , especially when the majority chooses because not find a full-time job . For Fedea researcher , " would be very detrimental to weight loss of permanent full-time contracts are perpetuated over time.
Labour productivity is very low , and consequently could not think of moving towards a production model that brings much added value is precisely that we should aspire to . If, in addition , this type of employment patterns are generalized for qualified young people, as now being the case, many of them will leave , and our society needs them , especially with the huge medium term aging process . "
BBVA economist believes that part-time contract , if undefined, may also be used as a lever for productivity through training. "The problem is that the proportion of part-time temporary contracts is growing. It is an indicator that the problem of excess temporary staffing remains unresolved , " he says.
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