スペイン政府は、破綻しない年金制度の年金改革を導入。
Y ahora llega la gran reforma de pensiones
Con la reforma del retiro anticipado, el Gobierno ha puesto en marcha la creación del factor de sostenibilidad
DESCARGABLE Sistema Público de Pensiones: su adaptabilidad es su seguridad
Manuel V. Gómez Madrid 16 MAR 2013 - 20:35 CET
obre el factor.
EL PAÍS
Fuentes: The ageing report, 2012. Comisión Europea e INE. / EL PAÍS
And now comes the big pension reform
With the reform of early retirement, the Government has initiated the creation of the sustainability factor
DOWNLOADABLE public pension system: its adaptability is their safety
Manuel V. Gomez Madrid 16 MAR 2013 - 20:35 CET
With the reform of early retirement, the Government has initiated the creation of the sustainability factor
DOWNLOADABLE public pension system: its adaptability is their safety
Manuel V. Gomez Madrid 16 MAR 2013 - 20:35 CET
While the government on Friday approved the reform of early partial retirement and opened the door to a permanent pension reform: the creation of the sustainability factor. Under this technicality hides a mathematical formula that will periodically establishing fundamental aspects of any pension as retirement age, the period of the final benefit calculation or annual revaloriación based on such criteria as life expectancy, the number of contributors or the state of the economy.
The pension reform of 2011 provided for the creation of the sustainability factor act 2027 and first in 2032. But they do not like such long periods either in Brussels or, especially in Germany, where this mechanism works since 2005. The Government has taken note and the reform decree of partial retirement and published yesterday in the BOE announced the creation of a commission of experts in a month to prepare a report with a proposal on the factor.
COUNTRY
That document is then sent to Parliament which will have to leave sooner rather than later, according to the rush of Brussels, one of the most important reforms of Social Security in its history. Probably, only in 2011, when it delayed the legal retirement age from 65 to 67 years as a general rule there was a shift of a similar caliber.
What has to be? What elements should be considered? What fundamental parameters should change? "The goal is to reduce the growing spending dynamics pension" says Fidel Ferreras, former director general of the National Institute of Social Security, "and for that we must act on the three elements that make its evolution: the annual revaluation, the demographic [retirement age] and the amount of new pensions ".
The same view is Jose Enrique Devesa. This professor of Actuarial Science at the University of Valencia specializes in pension calculations argues that both factors that integrate sustainability equation and in its ultimate consequences are taken into account more than one aspect. And gives an example: "If to create the mechanism only takes into account life expectancy, five years would be to raise the retirement age about six months."
Ferreras, also collaborator Max Planck Institute, Munich, is even more pessimistic. "If you take into account what happened in 2011, life expectancy at age 65 increased by 48 days and that in itself increased pension spending 408 million. So there are two options or delayed retirement age for the same period or proportionately reduced pension, "says a study based on his recently published.
The Ministry of Employment has taken note of this type of approach and wants to bring the sustainability factor beyond the law of 2011, which poses a sustainability factor in which, starting only life expectancy at the time of retirement ( now 18.4 years for men and 22.3 for women) change fundamental aspects of the system (retirement age, pension amount or period of benefit calculation). Tomás Burgos, Secretary of State for Social Security, plans to have in mind the evolution of the number of contributors or the march of GDP.
The aging of the European population combined with low birth rates lead to troubling forecasts on the evolution of pension expenditure. According to the latest report of the European Commission's proposal, in 2012, only six EU countries will lower spending in 2060. In Spain, will rise by more than three points of GDP to 13.7%. However, as these long-term projections are not considered legal changes or unforeseen variables like migration shocks.
There is another fact which justifies the ongoing reform of the system: the number of people between 16 and 64 for every pensioner. In 2010 this ratio was 3.4, the forecasts for 2060 lower the ratio to 1.6.
Sources: The aging report, 2012. European Commission and INE. / COUNTRY
Juan Lopez Gandía, Professor of Labour Law at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, share calculations and demographic forecasts, but it is agreed that when talking about the sustainability factor only takes into account related spending. "You never talk about funding," he complains. "Why not questioned the revenue model only through quotations? You can use or create a tax VAT finalist [model followed in France]. Even up membership fees, there are countries that are up, "he proposes.
Gandia Lopez warns that the age is not an item that can be played standing. "Physiologically impossible. Moreover, the problem in Spain is that the labor force participation and employment of people over 60 years [37.3% and 31%, respectively]. Companies do not hire these people fired. Who cares which increase the retirement age or hinder the advance ".
But Lopez Gandía is aware that the direction taken pension reforms in Spain follow the same direction as those in Europe: it points to the same time he's sorry. Germany was one of the pioneering countries since 2005. Berlin, in the formula not only takes life expectancy, also includes the number of contributors and pensioners. Portugal, however, only uses the first variable. Model that has followed Italy.
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