スペインの河川の水の50%は、化学物質などで汚染されている
スペインの河川の水の50%は、30の薬品や肥料や殺虫剤などの化学物質などで"汚染"されている
La mitad de las aguas españolas se encuentra en mal estado
Los investigadores detectan la aparición de nuevas sustancias contaminantes
El derroche y la polución química son los grandes escollos a superar
'El mes del agua', por P. B. CURIEL y F. R. CERVIGÓN
FOTOGALERÍA Agua, agua y más agua
Esther Sánchez Madrid 22 MAR 2013 - 00:25 CET
Half of Spanish waters is in poor condition
The researchers detected the appearance of new pollutants
Waste and chemical pollution are the major hurdles to overcome
'The month of water', by P. B. CURIEL and F. R. Cervigón
PHOTOGALLERY Water, water and more water
Esther Sanchez Madrid 22 MAR 2013 - 00:25 CET
World Water Day surprises Spain, another year, with the work is half done. Water quality has increased to hit European directive, but subjects who resist as debugging approved wastewater which stands at 85%, in breach of European regulations. There's more. Assessments by the New Water Culture Foundation, have determined that more than 50% of Spanish waters are in poor condition or by worsening state-ecological excessive withdrawals, changes channels, impoundment of water, inter- or chemical contamination, a problem that spans the globe and still are investigating their effects on health and the environment.
The emergence of emerging pollutants has become a real headache for the time being intractable. These are the remains of the products used in agriculture (pesticides, fertilizers ...) and, in recent years, drugs, plastics, components of personal care products or byproducts of water disinfection. "Waste beyond the control of conventional treatment plants and the unknown impact on health or tolerable limits," says Damia Barceló, director of the Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) and deputy director of the Water Research Superior Council Scientific Research (CSIC).
The European Commission intends to monitor the presence of drugs
"It's not just that the drugs are not taken to the recycling center and throw it down the toilet, the secret is that our body," says Eva Hernandez, head of WWF waters. And more and more, due to the increase in the intake of medicines, often unnecessarily. "For now, they are in small amounts, is a red flag and already appear in fish. It is necessary to investigate and we're at it, look 75 substances, "says Barceló. In 2006 were identified from the Ebro remains of 20 drugs, in 2009 it was the turn to Llobregat and Anoia gullies that appeared up to 29 drugs. And already in the fauna. A latest study conducted by ICRA in rivers in the Mediterranean has been detected in fish-inflammatory such as diclofenac (Voltaren base), beta blockers (drugs used to control heart rhythm), drugs used in psychiatric treatment as carbomazepina, and salbutamol , processes used in asthmatics. Another study from the same center has located the remains of products used in chemotherapy treatments in hospitals and water purification Coimbra, Valencia, Girona and Toulouse, which are very strong and toxic. "Something that could be solved properly treating the water from these centers," says Barceló.
In early 2012 the drug first appeared on the agenda of the European Union, among the 15 chemicals that the Commission proposed to add to the 33 already being monitored pollutants in surface waters. "It should be monitored to ensure they do not pose a risk to either the environment or to human health," said Janez Potocnik, Commissioner for the Environment. The proposed continuous processing. "The Commission and the Parliament has proposed, and there is the pressure of the lobbies of the chemical industry is very strong, 'says Eva Hernandez of WWF.
The waste water treatment, by 85%, in breach of EU Directive
For your organization, the priority in Spain is to reduce the amount of water used, which is more sustainable. They are based on data such as that in the last 50 years have lost at least 60% of the wetland area, the existence of thousands of illegal wells in aquifers overexploitation of 88 or 3% decrease flow 187 river basins of the Iberian Peninsula compared to the annual average of the past 60 years, according to a study of the CSIC. In this case, it points to climate change as the culprit. The most striking activity is agricultural, which consumes 75% of total water, although in the last decade have been modernized in Spain third of irrigation, saving water per plot of between 20% and 40%, according to data from the New Culture Guide Water. This shows, as advocates Barceló, that with current technology, which could also be applied to the treatment plants, many of the problems, including chemical pollution, it could at least alleviate.
Water use
Increased consumption. The 75% of water is used for agriculture. In the past decade have been modernized third of irrigation, with estimated water savings of between 20% and 40%.
Urban supply. Urban water supply systems supplied annually hectometres 4581.
Home use. 72% of urban water consumption in Spain is for domestic use. The industrial and commercial use 21%, and 7% goes to other uses.
Average consumption in households (INE 2010). 144 liters per capita per day. Has decreased by 3.2% over 2009.
Water leaks in public supply networks (INE 2010). 803 hectometres, 17.5% of the water supply and 385 hectometres, 8.4%, by measurement errors, fraud and other reasons.
Origin of water collected (INE 2010). Surface water, 65.7%; groundwater, 29.2%, and other waters (desalinated or brackish), 3.3%.
0 件のコメント:
コメントを投稿