スペインの高速鉄道(AVE)建設で、Asturia県とLeon県の24'6kmのPajaresのトンネル建設は2003年に1'779'000'000ユーロ(17億7900万ユーロ)で落札したが、2014年現在、建設費用は3'000'000'000ユーロ(30億ユーロ)に膨らみ、開通の見通しはたっていない。
los sobrecostes en la línea del ave a asturias
“La orden era ir rápido como fuera”
Los túneles de Pajares, el tramo más complejo del AVE, se adjudicaron en 2003 por 1.779
El coste ya va por 3.000 millones y aún no ha fecha de apertura
La obra resume el exceso vivido en España con la obra pública
El gran túnel de Pajares naufraga
GRÁFICO Los túneles ferroviarios de Pajares
La fiscalía abre diligencias por los sobrecostes en los túneles de Pajares
Un arroyo en los túneles de Pajares
In English: €1.2 billion over budget and still no opening date in sight
Rafael Méndez Madrid 6 MAY 2014 - 23:18 CET
Empleados trabajando en un túnel inundado. / facebook túneles de pajares
Employees working in a flooded tunnel. / Facebook tunnels haystacks
浸水のトンネルで働いている従業員。 / Facebookは干し草の山をトンネル
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cost overruns in the line of bird to asturias
"The order was to go fast and out"
Pajares tunnels, the most complex section AVE, were awarded in 2003 by 1,779
The cost is now in 3,000 million and still not opening date
The work summarizes the excess lived in Spain with public works
Great Pajares tunnel capsizes
GRAPHIC Los Pajares railway tunnels
The prosecution opened proceedings by cost overruns in the Pajares tunnels
A stream in the Pajares tunnels
In Inglés: € 1.2 billion over budget and still no opening date in sight
Rafael Mendez Madrid 6 MAY 2014 - 23:18 CET
Miguel Angel Fernández , El Tigre, bebe white residue while talking nonstop. Unknowingly, this worker summarizes his life the last decades of rage for public works in Spain . Powered by European funds, the country has built airports that are empty and high-speed trains with little passengers. The climax of the festival they put the Pajares tunnels , the AVE complex and more expensive section , which have been invested over 3,000 million and remain open to the view. El Tigre worked there almost 10 years : "It was sloppy . The developers just wanted to finish fast and receivables " . The story makes El Tigre is hard and matches that give anonymous engineers and geologists who know the work but do not want to publicly criticize Development.
"I worked in the tunnels of Guadarrama and went well ," says the 60 workers , now unemployed. Under the granite of the Sierra de Madrid, TBM opened without major problems between 2002 and 2007 tunnels for the AVE from Madrid to the northwest.
moreThe AVE to Barcelona was awarded 6,800 million and eventually cost 9,000The Court of Auditors investigating a cost overrun of 230% in Barcelona AVEProsecutors uncovered a corruption case in the works of the AVE to BarcelonaDevelopment and ADIF open two accounts audits AVE
Convinced repeat the experience in 2003 Public Works awarded the Pajares , two tubes of 24.6 miles below the Cantabrian Mountains over viaducts and many other children to join Asturias and Leon tunnels.
It was awarded by 1.779 million in four batches to groups that are almost all major construction companies in the country : FCC , Acciona, Dragados, Ferrovial , Sacyr, Hispanic Construction ...
" I arrived with the first TBM , when Germans had only " remembers El Tigre. With work soon began to flow out . " The TBM plundering every few bags of water. I have seen how water containers dragged three tons. Instead of stopping right then to seal the tunnel , we go faster in charge out of the water . ' Today I put 12 rings instead of 10 ' , a manager said proudly , "recalls this leonine 60. El Tigre is awaiting a disability machadas four vertebrae and a broken shoulder. As evidence shows taking pictures and videos before the workers that forbid them to enter the work phones .
Tunnels penetrated in record time. The July 11, 2009 , Minister José Blanco attended the ceremony certifying that the TBMs had finished working . Although problems with the water still there.
The worker recalls the celebratory dinner that was for hundreds of workers : "There were Montecristo and whiskey for all." Calls another pomace and continues : "Instead jig tunnels eight months ahead of schedule , they would have taken longer , but that was money for construction . The order was to go fast as . "
A spokesman for ADIF, the agency that builds AVE Development , argues that it is not the time to blame and that in other countries there are also problems in works of this size . Wield which is one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects in Europe.
Although ADIF hired the first hydrogeological study in detail the works already underway,
is not that the problems were unpredictable. In the early eighties, with the Government of the UCD and on behalf of the public company Adaro , a group of geologists studied the ground to see if they could make "big Pajares tunnel ." The brown volumes with the project are covered in dust. They keep warning that the Cantabrian Mountains is a karst , filled with water and draw a tunnel which is very complex area. " It is envisaged that the route will be affected by major water-bearing formations ," says a 1986 study .
Nearly two decades later, the government awarded the work without detailed knowledge of the subsurface. The previous study admits that there is no way of knowing the hydrogeology in the layout of the tunnels : " The tunnel alignment is at an average depth of 400 meters sections reaching the 800 and 900 meters deep and in testing permeability [ ... ] lithological sections have been tested up to 200-220 meters depth (only in a case has been tested to a depth of 340 meters) , so there are no direct data on permeability formations dimensions path of the tunnel. " Still, predicted "the presence of water in significant quantities during construction operations and operation of the tunnel ."
With the problems , ADIF has had to accept that the construction cost overruns . In a decade there have been 15 modified project 12 additional , emergency works , price revisions , settlements and civil works not included in the beginning. In total , already have invested 2,990 million ( 1,211 more than initially planned, the amount generated by the dispute in the Panama Canal ) . Missing the tracks, so the set will cost less than 3,500 million.
Employees working in a flooded tunnel. / Facebook tunnels haystacks
The European Commission, which accounted for 724.3 million Pajares , has put the focus on Spain for the extra works . Between 2004 and 2013 , Spain has received 20.561 million of EU funds for transport infrastructure . Of these, 7,447 were distributed on the AVE.
Musel port (Gijón ) is the first that has been set by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF ) . After analyzing costs and cost overruns , has recommended to the Commission to ask Spain to return the 250 million Europeans who received the funds work. The OLAF report complaint inflated stone used for land reclamation prices.
Pajares is probably the greatest excess of a long list of failed public works : the AVE to Extremadura, with sections in the middle of nowhere , is known among railway experts as "the AVE Okavango " in honor of the African river flowing in the middle the continent ; Castellón airport and Murcia have not received a single flight , and Huesca and Ciudad Real , just ; Andalusian Board has had to return to the European Investment Bank 180 million hit by the fiasco of the Andalusian AVE, she needed to Sevilla and Antequera and is half ...
Pajares takes the cake because it also has construction problems. A geologist who worked there sums up: " I hate to say , but it is the great failure of the Spanish engineering from Ribadelago Dam " . In 1959 the dam burst because it was poorly designed and flooded and devastated the town of Ribadelago in Zamora.
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