スペインのマドリッド首都圏のひどい大気汚染は2011年に汚染基準制限最高値を超えた！
Madrid exceeds pollution limits and Europe could multarla
Madrid, a su aire
Madrid sobrepasa los límites de contaminación y Europa podría multarla. La solución del Ayuntamiento fue anunciar la petición de una moratoria, pero el plazo para presentarla acaba de expirar. Ahora toca mover ficha.- ¿Quién dijo contaminación? La situación es "excelente" y "más asfixia el paro", se empeñan en defender Comunidad y Ayuntamiento. Solo pedir una prórroga puede evitar las sanciones de Bruselas, pero ni una ni otra lo han hecho aún
¿Mejor o peor?
ELENA G. SEVILLANO Madrid 9 OCT 2011
Madrid, in air
Madrid exceeds pollution limits and Europe could multarla. Hall's solution was to announce the call for a moratorium, but the deadline for submission has just expired. Now play a move. - Who said pollution? The situation is "excellent" and "more choking unemployment", are determined to defend Community and Town Hall. Just request an extension may avoid sanctions from Brussels, but neither have done so
Better or worse?
ELENA G. SEVILLANO Madrid 9 OCT 2011
Ladreda Fernandez Square. The name does not say much, perhaps because changes in the gazetteer do not have prevented the keep calling as always, Elliptical Square. A Eusebio Garcia, retired, not the least clashes learning that live in the most polluted of Madrid. So far this year, the station that the City has placed at one end of the square, in a small garden between Avenue Oporto and Via Lusitana, has measured an average of 70 micrograms per cubic meter of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) . It is almost twice the level allowed, 40. Eusebio, something stuck by figures and averages, shakes his head, skeptical, and sentence: "What I know is that my throat was dry and it itches, and my wife complains that the curtains did not endure clean nor three months. Behold pollution. "
Politicians refuse and citizens do not require, says Professor of Ecology at the Complutense Francisco Diaz Pineda. "There is not the slightest environmental awareness," he laments.
The negative health effects have been proven in hundreds of scientific papers. "But no one is killed suddenly by pollution.'s Like saying the smoker. Yeah, I may die, but not this cigarette fumarme" adds Diaz Pineda.
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Madrid breach the air quality legislation. Last year, the first in which the EU recommendations became obligation, the city recorded 44 micrograms of NO2 on average. At this point in the year, failing to see what happens in which traditionally the worst months, now in 43. It's not just a problem of the capital: Leganés stockings (46) and Coslada (44) in 2010 also put the Community of Madrid in the quandary of having to explain why it has come to this situation and what measures going to try to alleviate it. Instead, responsible for environment management again and look at the sky and whistle. Air quality in the region is "excellent", and otherwise ensuring boasts "demagoguery and fear-mongering," he said this week the Minister María Isabel Marino. Councilwoman Ana Botella believes that "unemployment choking more" and publicly questioned, ignoring agencies such as the World Health Organization, the contamination affects health.
Politicians refuse and citizens do not require, it says the professor of Ecology at the Complutense Francisco Diaz Pineda. "There is not the slightest environmental awareness," he laments. And that's because they lack "information and education". The negative health effects have been proven in hundreds of scientific papers. "But no one is killed suddenly by pollution.'s Like saying the smoker. Yeah, I may die, but not fumarme this cigarette".
But for organizations and Ecologists in Action, only the most interested in the matter would know that, for example, earlier this week eight stations of the network of the City exceeded 200 micrograms of NO2 at a time. It was nine o'clock in the evening of day 4. Most locals who live near the measurement point Ramón y Cajal Avenue were unaware that they were breathing air with 364 micrograms per cubic meter of this gas respiratory irritant that makes life more difficult for, among other , asthma, allergic and affected by lung disease. They should have entered the website of the City and chaining several clicks-four if you know where to look, and many more if not-to get to the information.
Unaware of the alert
The conditions that must be met for the Consistory activate public warnings are very strict. "You have to be really bad to pop.'s Awesome that exceed legal limits and here not even reach the warning level," complains Paco Segura, Ecologists in Action. Last February, weeks anticyclone generated a beret on the capital so dense that the City used the light panels on the M-30 to ask the locals to leave the car at home. The Ministry of Environment has promised to draw in a matter of months, have not been made, although it was planned for July-a national air quality. The alarm was evident. Well, even then it was official warning level, which states that two stations in the same area should exceed 250 micrograms for at least two consecutive hours. Neighbors of Ramon y Cajal may be breathing more than 250 micrograms for three hours (happened the night of day 4) and not know it because other stations in Zone 1 are, for example, 240.
Neither bottle nor Mariño have asked the Ministry of Environment in Brussels handling an extension of five years as prescribed by law for extreme cases, those in which an area has made every effort to reduce pollution and still failed. It is equivalent to ask that Spain end face in the Luxembourg Court for not complying European directives such as 50/2008, which provides for sanctions. The term Environment had given them was September 30. Bottle, on a questionable interpretation of an article of the regulations ambiguous, said that legally, you can delay the request for an extension until the end of 2012. However, it will by the end of this year, he says. Marino has not even decided yet whether to request the moratorium.
Both the City Council and the community know that violate European law since the end of last year. It has been ten months. But Brussels took years preparing Member States recommending maximum levels increasingly restrictive so they could get to 2010 with the homework done. Ecologists in Action, the opposition and many experts wonder what has been done and, most importantly, what to do now. The air quality plan of the city expired in 2010. The Community is still in effect. It's called the Blue Plan, based on the promotion of public transport. "The government will continue to take measures to ensure that the air that people breathe is getting cleaner," reads a statement the Ministry of Environment sent last Friday. The star as "eco-driving education programs in schools in Madrid".
Restriction? Traffic? The ADMINISTRATIONS disagree
Bottle department takes months preparing the next plan for air quality. The councilman said the last full City to be approved "soon". Will you include any restrictions to traffic as other European cities have spent years applying? This is what the Executive suspect Aguirre. And have made clear that they will not support. "This measure is not from the community," say sources in the Community of Madrid. According to Marino, not to hurt the economy. Ecologists in Action reminded that an impact assessment of the European Commission estimated the cost of implementing policies to improve air quality and that even in the worst case the benefits outweighed between 1.4 and 4.5 times the costs. "According to all the studies, which hurts the economy is pollution, not fight it," said the environmental organization.
The responsibility of Environment jump whenever they are accused of inaction and listed measures have been implemented. The capital highlights the pedestrian, the region, public transport. Why not go further, like other European countries, which regulate or restrict the entry of polluting vehicles? The example of Barcelona, this week has slowed at the entrances to the town 80 kilometers per hour for "environmental reasons", not stalled, despite being much more modest. Any action involving force leave the car at home is unpopular, privately acknowledge. It remains to seen how bold is Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón, who promised to campaign environment the focus of his third term, with its air quality plan. And if, as advanced then opt to deter charging more for parking downtown.
Better or worse?
- February 2008. Ana Botella presents the air quality data from 2007. The annual average nitrogen dioxide was 60 micrograms per cubic meter. To meet Brussels had to reduce it by 35%: in 2010 the legal limit would be 40.
- December 2009. The City Council changed the network of pollution measurement. Eliminates 10 of the 14 stations in previous years have been the worst values of NO2.
- January 2011. The prosecutor Environment coordinator sends a letter to the Consistory in which says his intention to make the change was makeup pollution data and that the removal of six of the stations contravenes European law.
- February 2011. Bottle reported average 2010: 44, 20% less than in 2009 (54), but the data is no longer comparable because the network has changed. Recognizes that violates the Leyy announces extension pediráuna
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