スペインでは、不景気のために従業員への賃金未払い(滞納)の会社が2011年は7'375件、2012年は7'875件に増加。
The claims for unpaid wages before inspection soar 50% since 2008 in Spain
Trabajador zombi: asalariado que no cobra
Las denuncias por impago de salarios ante la inspección se disparan un 50% desde 2008
Los retrasos marcan muchas veces el preludio de las insolvencias: el destino es el Fogasa
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Amanda Mars 27 MAY 2013 - 21:10 CET
Zombie Worker: employee that does not charge
The claims for unpaid wages before inspection soar 50% since 2008
Delays often marked the prelude of losses: the destination is the Fogasa
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Amanda Mars 27 MAY 2013 - 21:10 CET
Official data allow many difficult situations approaching the crisis, six million people who are unemployed, to the nearly two million households in which no one of working age or in which works have also exhausted any unemployment benefit. But there is a bag affected by the crisis that escapes the statistics, thousands of workers who are not counted as unemployed but not have income, zombie workers struggling companies who spend months without charging play its payroll. The claims for unpaid wages or settlements have skyrocketed since the economic downturn began in Spain, both in the courts and before the labor authorities. The Labour Inspectorate received a total of 7,875 last year, 500 more than the previous year. Since 2008, have increased to 50%.
Many times the unpaid wages continued is the prelude to the bankruptcy of a company and staff need to visit the Wage Guarantee Fund (Fogasa), which looks down resources: this year has a budget of 843 million allowances, according to unions, 33% less than in 2012, while the needs do not let up.
Pilar Camacho is one of those hidden homeless this endless crisis. Counts as busy and employed, but the hotel chain he works for, Husa, began to be punctual in the payment of salaries for three years. The February salary is the last thing seen entering his house. "The situation has reached an unbearable point, my husband spent two years on the dole and is becoming the latest aid of 426 euros, but paid 600 mortgage. It is a very big problem: my 29 year old daughter can not wean because we have to help us, "laments the working of one of the establishments in Madrid, member of the committee.
Applications cram Fogasa, denounce unions
The company has promised to pay this week 15 days of salary for March and April completed in July. "And as we work to stop, because the hotel was full and there are fewer employees. But I can not leave work because there is no where to go and, because if you get fired, you're nothing, "said Camacho, 52.
The company also has struggled to pay salaries at other hotels but, according to company sources, and are being solved. In this case, "the goal is that the remains in a maximum delay of one month in July," said the sources, who emphasize "the poor economic performance" dragging the chain. Husa agreed earlier this year with its creditor banks to refinance its debt 80% (about 42 million), giving it a lack of one year and will avoid payments over nine million until June 2014.
"This is a problem undetectable, workers remain in employment but go months without entering anything is a phenomenon that unfortunately is there and it is very difficult to detect. The workers, with good reason, are choosing to hold given the limited alternatives in the labor market today, "said Miguel Angel Garcia, head of the economic cabinet CCOO. In his opinion, "in those cases you have to work well is collective bargaining so that the parties can reach agreement, and that the company acts in good faith and not deprived of critical information to the workforce."
Labor Drought leads many employees to follow despite not charging
If the inspection only received about 8,000 complaints for this reason throughout Spain is due mainly to the fact that "the path of ministry opens the administrative process by which, in addition to demand payment, we proceed to punish the company seek agreement, but affected individuals often choose to resort to the courts to demand to be paid the salary ", sources from the Ministry of Employment.
"What is usually try is to find an agreement or solution path for workers to recover the money when circumstances make it possible to" explain the sources. The penalties for this reason ranging from 600 to more than 180,000 euros, but when the company approaches insolvency, these fines only serve to fatten a sack of very difficult to collect debt after the Administration.
Cubigel is one of those companies collapsed who owes money to his former employees. The ancient Hermetic Unit, which manufactured especially for refrigerators engines in Sant Quirze del Vallès (Barcelona), filed the bankruptcy in February 2012 and its 162 employees not only did not receive compensation, but also lost two extra payments and monthly, says the president of the council, Joan Roura. They had also given 25% of his salary for one season so they could pay for raw materials a season. Over a year later, the firm has been taken over by an Asian company, Huayi, who saved part of production and employment, and workers have recovered wages owed, but the compensation of those dismissed will be borne by the Fogasa, and that means waiting a long time to achieve the minimal pay.
"The default creates a vicious circle" lament from an employer
The maximum compensation from this fund, which is funded by contributions from workers and businesses share, stood at twice the minimum wage per year worked with a maximum of 120 days (was 150 until last July). Silvia Ramos, representatives of UGT in the body, explains that many workers are caught between a rock and a "One can seek rescission of contracts eligible for unemployment compensation and when the company commits unpaid salary for three consecutive months or six not consecutive, and then up to the judge, so many companies are paying a portion and thus paralyze the deadlines. "
Both UGT and CCOO have long been complaining that the body is saturated with requests to the crisis and lacking in resources to serve them. "The average processing time over 12 months and the records that are outstanding in excess of 150,000," the central point in a joint. Fogasa, added in his letter, "should be involved in thousands of bankruptcy proceedings, while it is said about 90,000 annually to prosecution in the courts of the social courts, more than 670 lawsuits by counsel and year."
Therefore requires a battery UGT measures to strengthen services and avoid "popping" records. In addition to longer-term measures, the unions claim an immediate emergency plan to strengthen staff and a "definition of a workload model the forces needed to allow properly size and template structure to guide the actions be made in the future ".
"In this case you should run
collective bargaining "
Before insolvency, accumulate the months of problems. Employment Ministry sources explain that the unpaid wages "is a general sin, can not be attributed to a type of company or one sector more than others". Many sports clubs, who have seen their particular economic bubble pricked, also owed wages to their players and bordering on insolvency. And success on the court does not prevent it. For example, a button: Ademar, the León handball team has not had a bad year: fourth in the league and the Champions League knockout. But in late February, when he presented the bankruptcy, nearly half of the 500,000 euros of debt was for unpaid wages.
Stresses the number of cases in the field of care for people and services related to dependence. It embodies the case of Barrios, who works in the home help concessionaire of the City of Jerez, and that last week claimed the January payroll. "We are a group made up mostly of women and the basic salary is about 800 euros and peak when the second household income may be pulled forward but others can not," they say. The irregularities began years ago, according to Barrios, and the worst time was in 2012, when they reached seven accumulate unpaid payroll.
The debt Jerez City Council has spent years struggling to pay both salaries and their suppliers or the loan installments Official Credit Institute (ICO). The session last April sent a consignment of bills worth 32 million euros to the Ministry of Finance in order to benefit from the new plan providers launched by the Executive, which aims to alleviate the slowness of Public Administration, and has expanded credit line ICO. Jerez has hosted four times in less than a year to settle debts prior to January 2012.
Delinquency factory defaults. A worker takes to collect his salary savings strip until they are exhausted and slow in paying their bills unless a loan alleviate their situation. "It's a vicious circle," admits Antoni Cañete, president of the Multisectoral Platform against delinquency, which represents more than 700,000 entrepreneurs and freelancers.
Cañete, also general secretary of the management of SMEs in Catalonia (Pimec), admits that the crisis multiplied cases of companies that leave without pay to its staff, but says that it is the last resort. "Especially when it comes to small and medium enterprises, the relationship between management and staff is very narrow and is the last thing the employer stops paying. When that happens, is that the situation is very serious. "
"The delinquency reduces the liquidity of companies and generates more delinquency, and lack of credit allows us to break this spiral," he laments.
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