スペインの財政赤字の原因の1つの、公共工事を安く公開入札しておいて、あとで工事費用を増額するスペイン企業の悪習慣にメス
Fomento pone coto a los sobrecostes
Las modificaciones de obra permiten por primera vez en 2013 ahorrar dinero
El número de cambios en adjudicaciones pasa del 60% de 2007 al 42% en 2013
Dani Cordero Barcelona 14 ENE 2014 - 00:12 CET
Less cost overruns in the Spanish public works
スペイン公共工事における低コスト·オーバーラン
Weniger Kostenüberschreitungen in den spanischen öffentlichen Arbeiten
Development puts a stop to the extra
Changes to work permit for the first time in 2013 to save money
Changes in the number of awards passed 60% in 2007 to 42% in 2013
Dani Cordero Barcelona 14 ENE 2014 - 00:12 CET
Modifications of works in Spain are no longer what they were. The crisis forced the Administration to reduce their investments , and pressure from the European Commission were able to limit that tradition to modify and increase the amount of public infrastructure contests award once . Last year even managed to reverse the trend and turn into saving what had always been an extra cost . Reportedly approved by the General Inspectorate of the Ministry of Development, a discount of 2 % was achieved in the works of more than three million.
Ministry sources admitted yesterday that the price reduction is mainly due to the modification of a road in the middle of the path is executed , but refused to reveal which. The other projects had an average cost overrun of 0.8 million each. In any case, the statistics show a significant reduction in the number of overruns and modified since 2009 and especially since 2011 , after the government approved the Sustainable Economy Act , which limited the increase to 10 % could suffer a work as long as not otherwise consist in the specifications of the competition.
The fall of public works and stricter stance Development has also significantly reduced the number and amount of additional work and modifications on these works .
Less cost overruns in the Spanish public works
Another statistic of Development, regarding the total works received per year, indicates that 42 % of public works commissioned by the Ministry of Public Works and delivered in 2013 (73 ) had been altered. It is the lowest percentage of what contractors call the culture changed , now famous for the proceedings opened by Sacyr in his works of the Panama Canal . In 2007, the percentage of modified exceeded 60% .
Such claims to change the contracts are common in Spain and the largest number of cases are caused by the battle for work among contractors , leading to a price war that benefits Administrations first but are then difficult meet. Data from major employers of construction , Seopan indicate that in the first eight months of 2013 the state awarded his works with an average discount of 33.8 %. In the regions was 26% and local agencies discounts of 27 % was noted. But those prices are often unrealistic and " tensions come ," the president Seopan , Julian Nunez. The following are modifications . "It's A Confederacy of Dunces , an evil system ," he admits . In his opinion, " the Administration knows that , with this system, the final price will not exceed your base price competition " and even claims that knows that many are accepting offers " rashness " .
In Spain , especially in times of fat cows , there were projects that were mother. Work on the high-speed Madrid- Barcelona soared 31% of the € 6.822 million of the contracts were initially awarded . And it was by way of changed to the point that the European Commission and denounced a judgment of the General Court of the EU forced the state to return 33.6 million euros of cohesion funds allocated .
From the Ministry of Development consider that " contractual changes are not necessarily bad in themselves " as long as "abuse" does not exist. The question is to know what is the threshold of abuse. Does the 42 % Development of modified 2013? Is the 62% of 2007? Juan José Ganuza , Professor of Management at the University Pompeu Fabra , believes that in both cases are very high percentages. Especially so assume decontrol of the works that the Administration. "We have changed that much reason to be " judgment Ganuza , referring to uncertainties that may arise once you are on the ground. These unexpected , however , could be reduced if more importance to technical reports prior to the work and even the technical bid that make builders , currently weighs only 20% of the assessment was given. The financial offer represents the remaining 80 %. " Minor time and money is given to the technical project , and if these were done well , construction would be left with little room to maneuver ," says Josep Oriol , dean of the College of Civil Engineers of Catalonia.
A report by the European Court of Auditors published this year analyzed six works of roads in Spain . Coincidentally, the auditors found an average of three modifications and extensions of contract work . " The average cost overrun is around 20% -30 % of the initial value of the project ," the report said. In other projects, the final cost far exceeds those deviations . There is the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, tendered for just over 300 million and has already eaten 1,300 million. The cost of the City of Culture in Santiago de Compostela has quadrupled , despite not being finished and give up two of its six buildings. Line 9 of the Barcelona Metro was launched in 2003 with a budget of 2,300 million euros and now the Generalitat not find resources to complete the 7,000 million it will cost. O Terminal 4 of Barajas , which cost 6,200 million , 1,000 million despite initially planned . The cases are legion.
In 2008, the EU launched an infringement procedure against the Government to eliminate the excess of amendments which does not comply with European directives . In 2011 it was closed by the Sustainable Economy Act .
With the transparency law passed in December, almost a year within all administrations have to publish the modified work. Currently this practice and have launched autonomous governments of Aragon and Navarra. "In the last year and a half changed are down, but it is noteworthy that in many cases hide a lot of inefficiency of public resources and sometimes corruption ," says José María Gimeno , Professor of Administrative Law at the University of Zaragoza.
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