EL PAIS
健全な債権(債務)市場の回復? 不良債権(貸し倒れ)の後始末はできた??中小企業への融資はどうなる?
OPINIÓN
Titulización sin estigma
Santiago Carbó 9 FEB 2014 - 00:00 CET
OPINION
Securitization without stigma
Santiago Carbó 9 FEB 2014 - 00:00 CET
Between January and October 2013 moved into global markets private debt 4.67 trillion. It is a very significant figure for an industry in the same period generated revenues of 16,600 million euros and was considered at that time he was still at a very nascent "recovery." The end of last year marked only the beginning of what seems to be confirmed in 2014 and as a new expansion of the securitization markets , where debt of companies and financial institutions is chopped and sold worldwide .
The Economist recently spoke of the "return of securitization " considering resurrecting a stigmatized market even sometimes given up for dead . At this point there is little to explain about those practices ( often fraudulent ) that subprime mortgage contracts handed out little or no added value throughout the world and in the midst of uncertainty , paralyzed a key market for bank liquidity and business without distinction between good and bad emitters. Investors then got in the worst years of the crisis, jumped to safety. But that leap was necessarily return because the risk is the salt and sugar and finance , as in any good recipe , some of the one and the other is necessary. Risk is inherent in business, the ability to undertake and finance the business. And liquidity is necessary for all . In these years of financial darkness monetary authorities had to provide liquidity where official private remained paralyzed. And still have to do for some time. However, signs of change, a greater appetite for risk and a progressive trend of investment into Europe are observed. Interestingly, in the third quarter of last year, the risk positions ( in high yield ) in the world reached a record figure of 378,200 million euros.
Waiting for the recovery of these markets debt is not foolhardy , it's a necessity . Of course, with appropriate precautions. After the lived is quite clear that the regulation and supervision are essential in these markets. Obviously , experience has taught us many times misunderstood innovation can often overtake the regulatory control. Even in relation to investment banking and they say , quite ironically , that regulation is the best form of financial innovation because when the laws and the tightened controls , sharpens the wit . There is a perfect balance between regulatory control and financial innovation but because we have something to learn. At the end of the day , financial markets experienced their longer stability after the Great Depression era. Many historians have attributed to the regulation that followed this great crisis that stabilizing role but the truth is that what also happens after every crisis is that the industry must fight stigma and innovation focuses more on the practical value added that in purely speculative or risk transfer (rather than diversification) . If you follow the same logic , financial markets should address this crisis after a long period of stability. This is not clear , among other things for its comprehensiveness and interconnection but that is changing the international financial architecture and regulation will have an unusual , improved presence in many respects but also considerable. In regards to the securitization incorporates new Basel III solvency requirements and demanding for financial institutions that issue debt in turn accompanied by liquidity and debt ratios . In the absence of greater coordination global- the good intentions of those meetings G20 - diluted different jurisdictions are establishing systems and barriers separating investment banking from retail and controls the risks incurred over and over . It would be naive to think that this will end with the " shadow banking " - in America , without going any further , they are are seeing and wanting to control new forms of collateralized debt , real estate investment trusts and derivatives guarantees on debt - but, at least with respect to securitization , may allow very importantly, a greater commitment to debt issuance under adequate safeguards conducive to much needed credit companies in many countries, such as Spain . In short, there is a balance between the benefits and risks of securitization but where there and there must be scope for providing sufficient guarantees .
Spain is an example of how securitization can survive and thrive in an industry where financial institutions have been particularly active . Besides the U.S., other markets debt issues before the crisis were made with very high guarantees and controls. Furthermore, in Spain proliferated types of securities, mortgage bonds , which do not allow transfer risk more because they will not backed by sufficient collateral issuer . Some might think that if the mortgage portfolio had deteriorated so do the values that have as their underlying assets. However , it seems that this has been so. A review of the data corroborates the CNMV portfolios securitized mortgage were mainly higher quality , with very little weight of loans to businesses and insignificant and unrepresentative practically credit to developers . In Spain , between bonds and warrants over 700,000 million euros, many among foreign holders who have closely followed what happened in the Spanish financial system were placed . Financial stability , including sovereign bond , seem now bring new growth of this market. Total asset-backed securities in secondary markets live in late 2013 stood as the CNMV 271,052,000 euros.
And in 2014 , under an atmosphere of greater financial stability in Spain ( including sovereign bond ) is ratified , financial institutions are recovering their market access , which has several current and potential benefits. For example , reduce their dependence on ECB funding (down more than 111,000 million euros in 2013) . It also allows to increase liquidity , signaling investor confidence and increase the market value . What's more , even those entities that have received state aid are you beaming with demand triples its offering , which can consolidate your financial balance and accelerate privatization. Of course, all with the appropriate precautions, with the necessary control and, above all , with an eye on the macroeconomy and still latent risk. In any case, much better off than it was last year and half lived . Nothing to do .
A review of the data corroborates the CNMV securitized portfolios were mainly higher quality mortgage
Above all , the influx of debt issues should also promote credit recovery . Especially in an environment where the deleveraging of households and firms is accelerating and new loans may soon be more important than the old loan repayments . What the market dynamics will require banks in this context is a growing commitment to financing for small and medium enterprises, which requires the greatest possible professional practices and SME lending models . And to close the circle , the monetary authority can reinforce this process of channeling funding to SMEs, thus accepting more clearly and convenient way these loans as collateral in financing transactions and even , as has been suggested also becoming in an active market maker in securities for SMEs. This week there have been no announcements in this regard, only a new reference by Draghi to the potential that this role may have collateral . Urge some specific action.
The economy and the financial sector should feed back , under the principles of value creation and to this end , are good all these forms of innovation that have ended up having a positive effect on the real economy . Much of the securitization is an example, which has no stigma.
Santiago Carbó Valverde is Professor of Economics at the Bangor Business School ( UK ) and the University of Granada and researcher Func .
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