スペインの2013年/14年の高等職業訓練学校生は2008年より3'5%の77'534人増加して300'632人に。2013年/14年の大学生は1'438'115人。必修教育を卒業して、64'8%は高校へ進学し、35'2%は職業訓練学校へ進学(欧州平均は58%)。
スペインの大学の年間授業料の平均は1'105ユーロ、カタルーニャ自治州では最高の年間2'000ユーロ、マドリッド自治州では年間1'500ユーロ、最安のガルシア自治州では年間400ユーロ。学部によっても授業料は違う。職業訓練学校の年間授業料は400ユーロから1'20ユーロ。大学通信教育は年間700ユーロ。職業訓練学校卒業生の平均賃金は15'417ユーロ、5年大学卒業生は平均月給23'259ユーロ、3年大学卒業生は平均月給19'697ユーロ。カタルーニャ自治州では職業訓練学校卒業生の失業率は16'56%、全体の失業率は24'53%。経済危機で、自治州政府の財政が困難になり、大学の授業料を値上げしてきた。だから授業料を払えずに、大学に入学する若者も減少した。スペインの大学は学生数で88%が公立大学で、自治州の経営が多い。だから各地方により大学の授業料が異なる。私立大学の授業料は6'000ユーロ以上?金持ち向け?日本は公立大学が非常に少ない。日本はほとんど私立大学！！ドイツはほとんど公立大学で授業料は無料！！フランスは授業料は安い。イギリスは授業料を大幅に値上げした！
De la facultad a la FP
Los alumnos de Formación Profesional superior suben un 35% desde el inicio de la crisis
Más barata y con salidas, se confirma como alternativa a la Universidad
Elsa García de Blas Madrid 16 FEB 2014 - 21:31 CET
Faculty to FP
Students in upper level rose by 35% since the start of the crisis
Cheaper and outputs, is confirmed as an alternative to the University
Elsa Garcia de Blas Madrid 16 FEB 2014 - 21:31 CET
Ainhoa Serrano, Madrid 24, changed the race course tourism second cycle higher FP Social Integration when his parents lost their jobs . "I tried to get to work to pay my tuition and expenses, but nothing came to me . The race cost me 700 euros a year. At home there are four of my father and now only charge allowance " account from Malaga , where he moved to study vocational training. There he goes practically free. 1,20 euros per student insurance course in Andalucia because they have not raised rates , as in Madrid and Catalonia , which already costs around 400 euros. But even despite the fee increase, non-university higher education students has taken off in conjunction with the outbreak of the crisis. Since 2008 he has won 35% of students. The , albeit slight , decline in college students has not begun to be felt until two years ago . In the last two years have dropped 1.6%. The data suggest a transfer of the campus to the FP .
A total of 300,632 students now follow a cycle top in Spain FP ( 77,534 more than they did at the beginning of the crisis, in 2008). In college, this course 2013 - 2014 are 1,438,115 students enrolled , about 19,000 less than two years ago . "I come from the generation where going to college was the obvious. If you asked what you wanted to do always contestabas a career, "says Ainhoa , which did not favor having to leave college. Most still prefer in fact the university to vocational education path. 64.8 % of those who choose to continue studying after compulsory education opts for School versus 35.2 % choosing level . They are 23 points below the European average ( where 58 % prefer the FP) .
But the crisis tightens and the price of going through a campus is no longer available to anyone . The average rise in the cost of a degree in the last two years reached almost 20% . Study today a degree at a public college costs on average 1,105 euros a year, but up to 2,000 euros in 1500 in Catalonia or Madrid ( and stays around 700 in Galicia , cheaper community ) by the enormous differences between autonomies. Instead, a higher degree of FP , which also requires the School to enter or a specific test and provides a level slightly below the graduate qualification is much cheaper, even in communities that have applied the tasazo .
in numbers
1. Students of Higher Vocational increased by 35 % in six years.
Two . 300 632 students now enrolled in a course Spain vs. 1,438,115 college .
Three . Madrid , Catalonia and Aragon charge fees for these lessons , up to 400 euros per course. In Andalusia, the amount is reduced to just one euro per course school insurance .
April . There are over one hundred titles , such as 3D Animation , Industrial Chemistry or Artist faller .
May . The average salary of a graduate of higher FP is 15,417 euros compared to 23,259 euros on average of former graduates and 19,697 euros on average graduates of the old (now subsumed in degrees) , according to 2010 data .
6. 64.8% of which is studied after Secondary School Education chooses versus 35.2 % who prefer the FP .
7. 13.0% of the population aged 30 to 34 years has a level of non-university higher education compared with 27.7 % having a college education.
8. It is expected that by 2020 half of all jobs require an average degree while 35 % will need higher qualifications .
9. 40% of graduates six years after working at a lower level of education your post.
"Those who are of working families pay costs us a lot about college ," says Raul Rivas ( 24) who is in his second year of a cycle FP superior web applications in Leganés , Madrid. " My father is unemployed , my mother prejubilada and can not help me pay for my education , so I chose the FP " he adds. Work weekends in a fast food and that 180 euros is funded course . The climb to 400 euros the Madrid Government has not caught because he is already in second and started to apply to first.
But it is not just the price . The upper level offers other advantages compare with the University , its duration , the cycle is two years versus four - grade and professional practices that includes a mandatory, about 400 hours, which allow students to put standing in the company and open the way to the job. " It is true that now less , but a few years ago we were placed in almost all the practices ," says Ildefonso Narro, head teacher of the school Juan de Mairena, in Madrid.
A study of employment of graduates of vocational education in Catalonia this past January, which can serve as a lack of national x-ray data shows that the unemployment rate is lower than the collective community overall : 16.56 % are unemployed , compared to 24.53% Catalan workforce.
"It's a shame that the crisis has to be put to the FP in place ," laments Francis Blas , who knows in detail how former CEO of FP who led the reform of the studies included in the GLSES in nineties. "Better teaching university . ( ... ) It costs less for both the student and public resources , their curricula better prepared for the job, because they are made with experts in production systems , and better with the labor needs of the country is , "says .
Because there are so many skilled jobs as graduates . 40% of those who finished the race six years ago is employed in jobs below their educational level, according to a report by the Ministry of Education and presented last week . " Nobody dares to say that is nonsense that no limits places in universities. But graduates must correspond with the jobs of our production system , "argues De Asis Blas. Is the inverted pyramid model we have, explains . " There are more captains sergeants, and that makes no sense."
And the future employment, forecasts say , requires more sergeants captains. The employment estimates for 2020 presented by the ministry in 2011 on the map of the supply of vocational training in Spain indicate that , by then , 50% of available jobs require a medium level of qualification , compared to 35 % of higher qualification . Although FP graduates get top grade high qualifications ( the middle level is the High School or Middle-grade ) , the report also said that those formed by superior FP , who are specialists but also " polyvalent " , may respond to the average needs . Or what is the same: you may find a job.
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