何が失業率に隠されている?
ANÁLISIS
¿Qué se oculta en las cifras del paro?
Vicente Castello Rosello 28 ENE 2014 - 12:15 CET
ANALYSIS
What is hidden in the unemployment figures?
Vicente Castello Rosello 28 ENE 2014 - 12:15 CET
The Prime Minister has reiterated in a recent interview that he is convinced that the end of the term will be fewer unemployed than there were when it came to the Government. However, how improved is hidden unemployment will occur.
Certainly can lower unemployment . According to the EPA , unemployment fell by 69,300 unemployed in 2013 . For its part, the Ministry of Employment communicated in the same period registered unemployment had fallen by 147,385 people, which allowed the government to hold the data with great euphoria , as an isolated event , but unlinking of job creation . However , in terms of EPA ( 198,900 ) and registered ( 88,041 affiliated employees) unemployment there has been job losses. Therefore, reducing unemployment is not due , in both cases, to job creation , but quite other causes.
In this context , fewer people unemployed is not equivalent to more people working . An unemployed does not mean less jobs created . The data are not as they want us to see, but they happen .
The decline in unemployment is not translated into more jobs , which is the recovery factor
Typically, when unemployment declines , employment increases. And vice versa: when unemployment rises , employment falls . Therefore, it seems reasonable to ask the question : Why low registered unemployment while descending the job?
In this regard , the stop member may be decreased by three factors . First, because there are more people working , which in this case has not taken place since in 2013 88.041 jobs were lost . Therefore, all other factors are the cause of the reduction in unemployment.
The second factor is because many job seekers do not find in the Public State Employment Service itself ( SEPS ) and discouraged ( discouragement effect ), leaving to go to the unemployment registers after completing their rights to collect arrest. Consider renewing demand to pass the respective controls , it's a waste of time to get nothing in return as the SEPS offers few employment opportunities (only managed less than 10 % of the job ) and training ( the approximately 10% received training ) . But that does not mean they stop looking for work by other means (Internet , newspaper, personal relationships , etc. . ) . The discouragement effect occurs in the SEPS , but not outside it . Thus, the ILO recommends adopt training policies and incentives bolder . Therefore , it is logical not listed as unemployed in SEPS lists since the limits of this body , and this is fundamental , are in their nature . Only those registered as unemployed persons seeking their services ( counseling, placement and economic unemployment benefits) . However, it brings to mind a situation in which an athlete came every day to practice some sport sport and what scoring entry in your records as proof of access to installations. But one day, for economic reasons, keep coming . In that case it will not appear as registered in the facilities of the sports ground but the sportsman, on his own, continues to practice in the public gardens and it would still be an athlete. Just happen to use other means available for sport.
The third factor is that due to the lack of job prospects many workers , both Spanish and foreign ( migration ) , choose to seek work far from our borders and are no longer enrolled in the SEPS . Thus, in the first half of 2013 , a total of 218,120 people of working age, left Spain bound for a foreign country and 29,400 of them are Spanish (13.5% versus 10.7 % last year ) . If this trend continues for the whole of 2013 more than 400,000 people left the country to go abroad (10 % increase over the previous year). Thus, the number of registered unemployed foreign descends 50,000.
We consider that for such an important wage devaluation many foreigners choose to return to their countries of origin not only because finding work in Spain but for opportunity cost ( alternative cost ) , ie , the wage in Spain is interesting in comparison to their countries of origin. Here you have to pay housing , schools, etc. . And others are offered contracts for less time than normal working hours ( part-time contracts ) . Thus, in 2005 , 23% of the contracts were part-time ( for lack of better jobs) while 35% are today , representing 16.34 % of the employed. In terms of length , in 2005 , 27% of contracts were signed for less than a month while it is 38% today , which fully confirms that rotation around a same job continues to grow.
In conclusion, the decline in unemployment does not translate into more jobs , which is the key factor in the recovery of the labor market . Therefore, the Government should know clearly explain the components , without hiding any , which affect the improvement in unemployment. With its manifestations wants us to see that unemployment improved due to its labor reform and not true . The Government should set a clear example of transparency, honesty and information to the tragedy of unemployment is that citizenship and freedom of the press is not a privilege for journalists but a right of citizens to be well informed .
Hopefully these discussions do not lead to blind us to the hidden face of unemployment , ie , the human face of the situations affecting as the serious real problem arises when unemployment benefits usually begin covering 70 % of the lost revenues are completed. Today , in our country , 40% of the unemployed do not receive any type of financial benefit ( SEPS ) . And when that happens unemployment creeps, family finances collapse, household savings is depleted , you can not pay the most basic bills , housing is lost ... In short, social and personal and family economic distress is generated. Happiness is largely the feeling of having one's life under control.
* Vicente Castello Rosello teaches at the University Jaume I.
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