スペインの観光業では、自営業のおかげで雇用が拡大
El empleo crece en el sector turístico gracias a los autónomos
El número de ocupados por cuenta propia registra su mayor alza en seis años
Óscar Granados Madrid 2 FEB 2014 - 20:54 CET
Employment growth in tourism thanks to the self
The number of employed self recorded its biggest gain in six years
Oscar Granados Madrid 2 FEB 2014 - 20:54 CET
Tourism in Spain is in top form . Last year reached about 60 million foreign tourists . The phenomenon is a balm for all shaken as by the virulence of the crisis sector. And the good form of the sector results in an improvement in the labor market.
Self-employed workers save job creation , at least in tourism , where are the ones who have contributed to increase the total number of members of Social Security. According to figures from the Institute of Tourism Studies , last year 1.93 million workers were counted affiliated to Social Security in activities related to this sector . The good performance of the self , which increased by 0.3% to 460,345 records - served so that the total number of members in the sector climbed 0.1 % over 2012. Employees remained at 1.47 million with an increase of 0% void .
Source: Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism / COUNTRY
Increasing the number of people who are self-employed is a record in the last six years. The group had a higher self that were rising in the segments of travel agents, tour operators and hotels.
While tourism in Spain has reached a major expansion during the economic crisis example is the entry of nearly 60 million foreign visitors to the country -the labor market just got this boom . The growth of the self can be the start of job insecurity . Companies continue to adjustments in labor and prefer to opt for independent , "said María Jesús Such, professor of economics at the University of Alcalá and expert in the sector.
At the end of 2013 , the number of self-employed in the hospitality industry and travel agencies showed an increase of 0.5 % , with 335,377 members. Employees , however , just had a surge of 0.15 points with just over a million high social security . Lorenzo Amor, president of the National Federation of Independent Workers Associations (ATA ) , argues that this increase does not mean job insecurity : "Behind an autonomous there is always an entrepreneur ," he says . Even dares to ensure that in future self-employment will be much easier to find a job with a steady paycheck .
The largest increases are in travel agencies and hospitality
The tourism sector is practically except , in this crisis, some segments reasonably resist explains Daniel Albarracin, CC OO economist . " This does not prevent income levels stagnate due to falling prices . Also the level and quality of employment continues to worsen , the result of applying business management labor reform with the aim of degrading salaries and increase productivity per hour, " he says.
The expert notes that union the reasons for this success is not so much tourism there is a market not saturated and extensive tour , but the influx of international visitors from central Europe and outside the EU , as well as Africa and the Middle East . Meanwhile, asserts that domestic tourism is collapsing , the result of recessive context and austerity policies . "In the midst of difficulties , the industry could receive greater focus both in locomotive may involve employment ," he argues .
Lorenzo Love, ATA adds that most self-employed activity combines with another alien , this is called diversification. " This generally happens among young people, while junior and having a minimum contribution base ," he adds .
If in the coming months , the number of self affiliations could uncover continues to rise up the false self , those who work almost exclusively for one company and have fewer guarantees of stability and income, said Such, University Alcala . This phenomenon , says Albarracin, CCOO , should add growth has part-time employment , which the union , principally among women.
According to an analysis prepared by ATA in December 2013 had registered with the Social Security average autonomous 3,050,341 , 0.8% more than in 2012. The study indicates that during the past year an average of 70 new employees per day self joined the social security. " This breaks the streak of the last five years where every day 234 affiliations were lost ," says the report.
The data indicate that provinces the highest growth in the number of self-employed with the recorded Melilla up 7 % and the provinces of Málaga ( 3.8%), Ceuta ( 3.7%) and Granada .
At the other extreme , only 16 of the 50 Spanish provinces , ended the year down in the RETA ( Special Scheme for Self-Employed ) , being Ávila ( -1.5%) which had the biggest loss, with 220 employees own account unless at the beginning of the year.
An increase like the one he gave in 2013 does not mean it is more precarious employment, said Lorenzo Love also says that of all the autonomous 60.9% for more than five years of high social security. This percentage is much higher among males, older , points ATA representative .
The role and weight of tourism in Spain deserve special attention , says Albarracin . "To be a world superpower in this area, and the weight that behaves in our economy - more than 11% of GDP in 2012 - ranks as possible spearhead of the country, with engine capacity to be change. This includes improving working conditions, " he explains.
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