スペインのカタルーニャ地方での学校での授業では、大部分カタラン語で、教えている。スペイン語は少数派。
Seis modelos para tres lenguas
El peso de los idiomas cooficiales en la escuela varía en cada comunidad
Cataluña es la única que no ofrece la escolarización en castellano
Cataluña vuelve a plantar a Wert
El País Barcelona 6 DIC 2012 - 06:52 CET
Six models for three languages
The weight of the co-official languages in school varies in each community
Catalonia is the only one that does not offer schooling in Castilian
Catalonia replanted to Wert
The Country Barcelona 6 DIC 2012 - 06:52 CET
The education reform plans the government incorporates chapters devoted to controversial official languages has exasperated communities not governed by the PP, especially Catalonia. The draft Organic Law for the Improvement of Educational Quality (Lomce) leaves the autonomous power of giving special treatment to the community's own language "in no case may involve the exclusion of Castilian done." But what really is the Castilian marginalized communities in their own language? This is the picture.
Catalonia. Receive classes mostly in Castilian Catalan in public school is not feasible. But few are raised that point. The immersion model Catalan school and has been defended at all costs by the results for almost the entire school community. It has only been challenged by a group of families, who demanded an increase in the hours of classes taught in Castilian, some of which wanted a reverse pattern: with the Castilian language used.
Catalonia chest out of school model tissue for over three decades. Although linguistic standardization law dates from 1983, and in the sixties some private schools were teaching in Catalan. After the death of the dictator Franco in 1975 opened a rather chaotic stage. "It was the teachers themselves who decided whether they passed into Catalan" says Joaquim Arenes, educator and promoter of the language immersion. "But not everyone was able to teach in Catalan, especially those who were Spanish speakers, we had to recycle," says Josep Miquel Lacasta, professor since 1976. The Catalan school model then was in its infancy and was curiosity that most teachers who taught in Catalan on the board wrote in Castilian because they often do not know the co-official language today.
After years of teacher training plans and the efforts to retrieve a language and culture pursued for 40 years, was able to shape the current model of school. "The complicity of the Spanish-speaking families was key to the success of the dive. These families understood that it was a treasure for your children that they could learn a second language ", tertiary Lacasta.
The political commitment and social consensus led to the current model, where classes are taught in Catalan, except the subjects of English and Castilian. The scheme applies to public schools, charter schools (private subsidized by the Government) and private. In these latter may be schools where the proportion of classes in Castilian is higher, but many are elite schools that teach in English or other languages.
Experts point out that, despite the dominance of Catalan in teaching, learning Castilian, with a strong presence in society, is guaranteed. "If you do not know something children to leave school is Catalan and Castilian", ditch the pedagogue.
moreThe government opened a new front autonomicShielding Wert education in CastilianThe Catalan school will be unveiled on the 13th against the 'law Wert'Rigau: "We will not change the language policy in schools"
Valencia. Until this year, the Valencian education system was divided into three programs: two Valencian as the base and one language with Castilian. But the new multilingualism decree approved in August by the government of Alberto Fabra (PP), and has begun to implement the Child cycle, reduces the structure to two options.
The multilingual program in Valenciano (PPEV) provides that two subjects are given in Castilian and two in English. The rest, in Valencia. In multilingual program in Castilian (PPEC) copies the previous scheme, but the Castilian and Valencian are changed roles.
According to the Government, 53% of pupils of compulsory-that is, more than 235,000-opted by the prevailing model in Valencia. No protests are known to school children not in Castilian, but in the opposite case. The Escola Valenciana platform influential figure at 90,000 students would study in Valencia if there is an offer available.
Baleares. The educational model of Baleares, bilingual and immersion relative is ongoing overall reform from 2011 - 2012 and is a central objective of the new PP's absolute majority. For nearly 30 years, a minimum decree has ensured that at least half of the school day and non-language subjects were in Catalan, which is the language of instruction. This parity between Catalan and Castilian will be changed now with a trilingual.
The new PP government wants to provide parents the right to free choice of first language, literacy, from the first levels. Over 85% of parents chose the Catalan.
Bauza's government eliminated the requirement already know Catalan officials in competitions and mitigated the traditional rules of the language policy. The PP has come to accuse teachers cores of the islands of practicing "ideological indoctrination" and have imposed a "dictatorship Catalan".
Basque Country. Much more complex is the educational model in Euskadi, with three options where the weight of the different languages varies. Option A predominantly Castilian language and Basque teaching is relegated to subject, in group B, the weight of each language is decided by the center, and the D, it is taught in Basque and Castilian is used only in the subject of this language. (No C because that letter is not part of the Basque alphabet). Today endure three linguistic models and all families have the opportunity to ask their children to study in their choice, but not all schools have three, for lack of demand.
The Basque government keeps the door open to that if there is sufficient demand, to open new classrooms Model A. However, the Basque reality points to a completely different direction. For years, the Castilian model is the smallest bet between families. In practice, the clear commitment of the Basque society is the predominant model in Basque, D, chosen by six out of ten students. This course, in pre-university education, 17.7% of pupils learn a Model A, Model B 20.9% and 61.4% in the D, the only one that has grown. The model trend is downward Castilian. In fact, only 3.66% Children in classrooms Model A.
Navarra. The autonomous region has implemented part of its territory in a system very similar to Basque. Moreover, it has already begun to introduce the model trilingual in some centers.
Galicia. The Galician community opted for parity in their classrooms and the Castilian and Galician hours are divided equally. Here also starts talking trilingual model of future implementation, in which English is introduced. Thereafter, it is anticipated that the three languages have the same weight.
The regional government of the PP defends the system equal to the two official languages of Galicia respects the balance. For the opposition and cultural institutions, the model removes positive discrimination in schools Galician threatens the survival of this language, although still the majority in the community is losing speakers.
Information prepared by Ivanna Vallespín, Juan Manuel Játiva, Andreu Manresa, Ania and Sonia Vizoso Elorza.
Catalonia replanted to Wert
I. VALLESPÍN / Barcelona
The Catalan Government is tightening its relationship with the central government. If Tuesday the Minister of Education in office, Irene Rigau, left half of the Conference of Education where the Minister of Education, José Ignacio Wert, presented educational reform, yesterday repeated the plant, but at the meeting of Universities. The Catalan responsible for this area, Castellà Antoni decided not to travel directly to Madrid to attend the meeting. Catalonia opposes the elimination of selectivity, but sparking anger is the proposal to relegate the Catalan specialty course. Both reasons led the Government to consider that the future law is a "direct assault on the tongue and left in ruins" the system of university entrance.
The debate over education reform and the immersion referred yesterday the secretary general of the PSOE, Alfredo Perez Rubalcaba, who was very critical of the legislation. "Mr. Wert has gone there to do battle, you probably have some tactical sense," she added. Rubalcaba.
Wert law will have a first response on the street next week. The Catalan educational community has convened two days of protest against the text.
The first episode will be on Monday, with a concentration Somescola.cat convened, bringing together two dozen entities in favor of the Catalan school. The second is called by the Muce (Marco Community Education Unit), which brings together trade unions, parents, students and educational reform movements, for Thursday 13.
スペインのカタルーニャ地方での学校での授業では、大部分カタラン語で、教えている。スペイン語は少数派。
3言語のための6つのモデル
学校における共公用語の重みは、各地域で変化
カタルーニャキャステリャで学校教育を提供していない唯一のものである
カタルーニャウェルトする植林
カントリーバルセロナ6 DIC 2012 - 午前6時52分CET
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