欧州連合の欧州共通農業政策:PAC(Politica Agricola Comun)の2014年ー2010年予算案は、2818億0000'0000ユーロは直接援助と市場介入、899億0000'0000ユーロは農村開発、152億0000'0000ユーロの様々な基金(45億0000'0000は研究·開発·革新、35億0000'0000は経済危機対策、25億0000'0000は世界経済対応の補償金など)
La reforma de la PAC puede esperar
La falta de un marco financiero 2014-2020 en la UE retrasa su aplicación
Vidal Maté 30 DIC 2012 - 00:00 CET
The CAP reform can wait
The lack of a financial framework 2014-2020 in the EU delayed its implementation
Vidal killed 30 DIC 2012 - 00:00 CET
If no financial framework for the period 2014-2020 and, if not exactly know the resources available for implementation, there will be no reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). At least, for its entry into force in 2014, as planned.
The debates of recent months within the councils of ministers of Agriculture of the European Union and the relevant committee of Parliament, for the preparation of the final proposal on land reform, have not produced the necessary progress in most part of the key, so you can say that the reform is green. A year of negotiations at all levels, from cabinet meetings to meetings of Member States to the Commission and many bilateral meetings with countries to find joint positions, have not been sufficient to close a proposal.
The negotiations for the reform of the CAP have been marked by the economic crisis and the need to adjust the cost. Brussels in 2011 initially proposed a budget for the period 2014-2020 of 281,800 million for direct payments and market measures, and other 89 900 million for rural development, with 15,200 million for various funds which highlighted 4,500 million for research and innovation 3,500 million to address crises and 2,500 million to compensate for problems that may arise in the process of globalization of the economy. These figures meant to aid maintain the same levels of 2011 for the entire period from 2014 to 2020, which meant a real loss of 12%. As part of Community support of the CAP, this policy is nothing new because, historically, the CAP subsidies are set at a particular time and always kept frozen, regardless of the evolution of inflation.
Spain wants the transition to take place without trauma
In the case of CAP reform, following the failure of the summit of Heads of State on the discussion of the financial perspective in the month of November, the questions remain about the amount of funds to allocate conflicting positions between Member States themselves. From northern countries calls for more downward adjust the proposal from the Commission, while southern countries-Spain, France and Italy in favor of continuing at least initially offered funds. These divisions are compounded by the position of the Presidency of the Council, led by Herman Van Rompuy, to implement additional cuts of nearly 20,000 million.
In February the next summit is expected to have an agreement on the financial perspective and the allocation of funds for implementation of the CAP reform. From there begins the final debate on the content of it between agriculture ministers in Parliament and the Commission, so that looks feasible for the development of regulations for implementation in 2014.
For the general secretary of Agriculture, Isabel García Tejerina, there are many important aspects of the reform that has not yet been decided. Hence the Commission consider implementing a transition process in 2014, which would keep the lines of the current CAP.
Overall, Tejerina Garcia understands that reform could be applied in areas such as rural development, but not when it affects direct payments would continue as now. In his opinion, there has been progress in rural development issues, where Spain claims that the transition regions like Castilla-La Mancha, Andalusia and Murcia have a 75% co-financing. Agriculture is in favor of not putting agricultural insurance in rural development funding.
Major advances have been made in the definition of the horizontal rules to simplify compliance, the penalties, the integrated control and management, and to advance payments can be made as long as from 16 October and from December .
A year of negotiations has been insufficient to close a proposal
As for the single regulation for the general secretariat have been little progress and remain questions about the future of milk quotas and sugar, for which clarified the policy on planting rights will be replaced by state authorizations. Spain defends maintenance fees and improved mechanisms to regulate markets.
Finally, in relation to the regulation on direct payments, progress has been very limited. Among the most important aspects to be defined how would the process of convergence in matching aid among member countries. There have been no agreements on green policy for the regional implementation of the CAP, the application of capping, ie the modulation of aid or criteria to limit the eligible area in each country to the granting of rights of basic pay. Yes would agree to the transfer of funds from direct payments to rural development to 15%.
The CAP reform is a change from the current system of payments historical rights to another payment rights based on surface mapping. In this final phase of negotiations, Spain supports the maintenance of initial financial proposal of the Commission. Agriculture is central to Spain to limit the volume to 21 million hectares which allocate payment entitlements. Garcia Tejerina commitment to transition from one model to another without trauma, with stability in direct aid that does not jeopardize farming in certain products and territories. In that vein, he argues that the convergence of payments per hectare in the same country can be done in a more limited proposal that the community and within wider beyond 2019.
According to this approach, Agriculture wants, based on payment per hectare is applied to the reform, 90% corresponds to the current historical rights and not the 40% that aims Brussels. Spain considers it essential to have the flexibility to implement that policy. Finally, in terms of green politics, Spain argues that it does not involve 30% of the payments to be allocated to each country, but more than 15% are not required the fate of 7% of the land in a exploitation to ecological interest, you are not obliged to have up to three crops and that these requirements apply only to farms with more than twenty acres and not three.
Change model, neutral accounts
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has led in recent times to Spain an annual income of about 6,500 million euros. In the last year, they amounted to 5,030 million in the form of direct payments, which added another 800 million as expenses for regulating markets and 700 more for rural development. With these figures, Spain received 11.6% of all CAP payments and is in second place, behind France, in receiving funds.
With the implementation of the reform and the model change in resource allocation, as the data handled by the Administration, Spain could consolidate its participation in PAC funds and even increase that percentage to 12%, although it was somewhat lower the Total amount of revenues.
Based on the figures that are shuffled around the possible adjustment of the resources for the CAP, both market and direct aid to rural development, the Spanish agricultural sector would receive 2.3% less than the funds received in the last year. This would be the most negative of the current approach. By contrast, Spain would slightly benefit from the aid system convergence between countries proposed by the Commission. According to it, in countries where direct payments are staying below 90% of average, that difference will be reduced by one-third between 2014 and 2019, as a first step towards full convergence, uniform per hectare aid for all countries, something that sucks the EU from 2020. The average aid per hectare in Spain is 229 euros compared to an average of 268 EU, 457 Holland, Belgium 435, and 405 in Italy.
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