CIAがdrones;遠隔無線操作暗殺無人飛行(兵)機を使用するのを辞める計画は、頓挫!
La estancada desmilitarización de la CIA
La estrategia de Obama de trasladar la gestión de los ataques de 'drones' al Pentágono choca con reticencias internas, diferencias operativas y la división del Congreso
El el difícil retorno de la CIA a sus raíces tras el 11-S
Joan Faus / Eva Saiz Washington 15 FEB 2014 - 20:52 CET
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The stagnant demilitarization of the CIA
Obama's strategy of transferring the management of attacks by drones strikes the Pentagon internal reluctance, operational differences and division of Congress
The difficult return the CIA to its roots after 11-S
Joan Faus / Eva Saiz Washington 15 FEB 2014 - 20:52 CET
In May 2013, during one of his most important speeches on defense, the U.S. president , Barack Obama , advocated redefine counterterrorism strategy emerged after the attacks of 11 - S . The outlines of the new plan were implemented in a policy which contained , among other initiatives, the gradual transfer of control of the program of drone attacks by the CIA to the Pentagon , in a sample of the general consensus within the administration about the need to give greater transparency to the drone raids and demilitarize the spy agency .
Nine months later, however, the operations center drones that the CIA is in Langley is behind most of the attacks. The division within the Congress , the reluctance in certain sectors of the agency itself , and above all , operational , legal and even cultural differences between the programs operated by the CIA and the Pentagon are the main obstacles impeding the smooth transition I expected the Obama Administration.
" The practical problem of where the Army can operate and what are the limits to intervene anywhere in the world are Surge . And , in turn , with an intelligence agency that has the power to conduct executions " in a telephone conversation said Paul Pillar, a CIA analyst for 29 years, until 2005, and is now senior security researcher at the University of Georgetown and downtown Brookings . The agency was the first to implement the drone strikes against al Qaeda militants in Pakistan in 2001. The Pentagon conducted its first attack in Yemen in December 2009 , just three days after the branch of the organization in the Arabian Peninsula was declared a terrorist group. Joined the CIA raids in the country in 2011 , claiming in his first raid, the lives of the American cleric Anwar Aulaki , a piece that had eluded the military.
The difficult return the CIA to its roots after 11- S
The CIA began its process of militarization after 11- S but accelerated after 2009 with the arrival of Barack Obama to the White House , who extended the strategy of drone raids . The best example of this paradigm shift was the appointment in 2011 of General David Petraeus as CIA chief and until then agency director Leon Panetta as defense secretary . The first four presidents of the CIA , since its founding in 1946 as an agency of intelligence and espionage, were military but the rest were civilians , with few exceptions , as in the period 2006-2009.
According to experts, the militarization of the CIA is the result of a natural evolution. Swift denies that it has become a paramilitary agency wields and has just left a little aside his role as intelligence to adapt to the "context" post-11 - S . "The operations [ combat ] have always been part of the mission of the CIA and now they have adapted to the circumstances ," says , and puts examples Performance during the Cold War and the conflict in Vietnam. In similar terms Pillar , who says that most of the tasks of the CIA remain the purely intelligence and also denies that far too much of its original essence is expressed. As an example, stresses that the drone program is not a completely new side to him , as in the past and made " significant covert actions using other technologies." The difference , however , is how massive was his involvement in the drone attacks .
The current director of the CIA said the agency " should not undertake military activities " , but the return to their roots seems complicated espionage . One difficulty , for example, is where to allocate the staff responsible for the operations of drones , most recruited from 11 - S , and have no experience in espionage field . Meanwhile, Pillar expected here ten to twenty years the main role of the CIA is the intelligence and to have small teams conducting operations covert combat, although he admits that the scope of these - for example if part drones - will depend "political intentions , strategic objectives and current needs ."
Although the goals are the same , how to identify, develop and execute operations drone of both institutions are very different , as are the legal cloak under which they operate . " In the military 's highest legal and institutional thresholds that must be overcome before pushing a transaction ," says Christopher Swift , Assistant Professor of National Security Studies at Georgetown University and has lived several years in Yemen.
The CIA flights are considered " covert actions " which are defined as " those activities whose function is not to be publicly known and that does not include traditional military operations." As such , the government has no legal obligation to report them , unlike those who run the Pentagon , under the classification of " military operations " , are public and are subject to the international laws of war, which means they can only be carried out with the consent and knowledge of the countries where they are carried and the boundaries of the sites declared war zones.
The secrecy surrounding the program of the agency means that some states, such as Pakistan or Saudi Arabia , authorizing the establishment of CIA bases in their territory , they do not have to answer to their citizens of a presence that , theoretically , no there , against the inconvenience of having to recognize the deployment of a foreign army. This secrecy , however , left to foreign governments to account for the number of casualties caused by drone attacks , unable Washington contradict a fact which , legally , is prohibited to record .
This lack of transparency surrounding the CIA flights , criticized by Democrats , the libertarian wing of the Republican and civil - rights groups is that the Administration intends to redress with the gradual transfer of control to the Department of Defense , such and admitted a few days ago as the Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, in Congress, in the first official recognition of the existence of the drone program of the agency.
Swift believes that the legal framework would be " clearer" if control operations fall exclusively at the Pentagon. But above all the different philosophy behind both institutions as the transfer believes necessary : "From an institutional point of view and in accordance with the laws and customs of war has much more sense than it is the army which tighten trigger, " he says.
Professor admits, however, that a " realistic world " is " complicated " that such transfer occurs by military and political reasons. So, the Administration plans have not prospered so largely attributed to two factors. On the one hand , the fact that the CIA has always done some kind of special operations opaque , so it can not be entirely divest of that facet . And on the other, the opposition of the U.S. Congress : "There is much division in this case , there is no consensus on where, how and when to legislate ."
In fact, in mid-January , Congress included in its budget law amendment secret vetoes any transfer of funds to transfer control CIA drones to the Pentagon. For many legislators the effectiveness and accuracy of the raids conducted by the agency is much larger than the Pentagon . " The CIA has an impeccable track record of patience and discretion , the military program is not even minimally about ," said last year the president of the Senate Intelligence Committee , Democrat Dianne Feinstein. This greater accuracy of the CIA , in addition to their greater experience , due to its ability to infiltrate terrorist groups through a network of informants who lacks the Pentagon.
However, there are other members of Congress , as the veteran Republican John McCain, who defend the need for the most flights are led by Defence and advocating demilitarization of the agency. That review is also Pillar who asked recover the original dichotomy between the two branches : "The army is engaged in killing, and the CIA should be devoted to collecting and analyzing information abroad," he says.
John Brennan was a strong advocate of this idea while serving as advisor on security Obama. During the confirmation of his position as head of the CIA in February 2013 , acknowledged that the drone program was an "aberration " . But since then they have not appreciated many steps to reduce militarization of the agency , launched after 11- S , which shows the internal and external complications faced by the transfer of power .
Beyond the demilitarization of the CIA or the transparency of the programs, the change in strategy that raises Obama intends to set a precedent for when , in the future , other countries begin using the drones for military purposes. The legislation, the institutional culture and the secrecy that protects the activities of the CIA does not benefit this important goal.
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