スペインの生産性増強と賃金引き上げのせい?で、2009年ー2013年の企業収益は0'24%増加し、労働者の賃金は0'23%減少し、生産(競争)性は1'17%強化。
Los beneficios empresariales se libran de la devaluación
Los márgenes de las compañías españolas crecen por encima de la eurozona
Los precios industriales no se han ajustado en línea de la media europea
Amanda Mars Madrid 24 MAR 2014 - 00:00 CET
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Corporate profits are spared the devaluation
The margins of the Spanish companies grow over the eurozone
Industrial prices have not been adjusted in line the European average
Amanda Mars Madrid 24 MAR 2014 - 00:00 CET
There are some beliefs that are dissolved in the data as the sugar in the water . Spain is not based on price cuts to achieve one of the green shoots with fewer nuances of Spanish economy : three consecutive years beating his own record of exports. The difficult process of internal devaluation undertaken by the Spanish economy to regain competitiveness has moved in small measure to the industrial and export prices. Productivity in Spain , which has the bad habit of basically enhancing job destruction - has been linked to a reduction in labor costs also achieved based on redundancies and relocation paid jobs , as well as direct salary reductions implemented in companies. But while wages have fallen relative to the euro and productivity has improved business margins have grown on top.
The BBVA Research Department has done some numbers and , according to its latest report , the margins of Spanish companies had a positive differential of 0.24 % relative to the euro area average per year in the period 2009-2013 , while had a negative wage differential of 0.23% annually over the same period. Productivity had a positive deviation of 1.17% .
" Most of the gain in competitiveness has come for productivity, although wages have contributed something, but unless this . Meanwhile, profit margins have not worked , "explains Miguel Cardoso , chief economist for Spain BBVA Research Department .
It is something that the International Monetary Fund ( IMF) began to notice in their last meeting , last fall . Despite the adjustments , the competitiveness of export prices had improved only to a "modest" . In its global report notes that " in Greece, Ireland , Portugal and , to some extent, Spain , margins of exporters ( export prices relative to unit labor costs ) have increased since the crisis began ."
"Companies have not needed to lower prices to be competitive ," says Maria Jesus Fernandez, researcher Func
Specifically , foreign sales last year reached its highest ever volume , a total of 234,240 million euros , 5.2% more than in the previous year. And that despite the fact that between 2009 and 2012 the prices of exports, measured by unit value indices , increased by 2.2% in developed countries , according to data from the Bank of Spain handled by Mary Jesus Fernandez, a researcher at the Foundation savings ( Func ) .
Therefore, " the Spanish companies have not needed to reduce prices to remain competitive in international markets ," said Fernandez in a study , which "contradicts the generally widespread appreciation of the Spanish exports have grown in recent years thanks to the improving competitiveness derived mentioned drop in unit labor costs. "
In your opinion, is the very generation which promotes benefits " reallocation of resources " to export sectors and improve the competitive position of Spain to attract foreign investment .
The cost per unit produced is already in previous levels to euro entry
Fernandez said by telephone that " cost competitiveness has not moved prices because most sectors are price takers : they take the price tag of their markets , why has returned to profitability , but it also helps grow exports because it promotes investment in these sectors to give more room than before. " It's something that matches Cardoso : "It's cyclical much of these savings are to the balance sheet , in the early recovery companies deleverage , that is the basis for them to invest , attract more activity and employment " .
However, this explanation is valid for the period 2009-2013 , "serves differentials business margins in the previous cycle , from 1999 to 2008 ," says Cardoso , and also grew faster than the average for Europe ( more so than now) and did not contribute to improved competitiveness , which the expert attributed to " the competition " in some sectors.
The price index of the manufacturing industry in Spain since 2010 has grown above what has made the European average , Germany or Italy , and the difference has not been corrected in the latest phase of the crisis and adjustment , as data from the National Statistics Institute ( INE). The price index of Spanish companies rose to the maximum of 110.8 in September 2012 , ie , almost 11 points above 2010 , the same month when the reference was 105.5 for German to Italian 107 and 108 to the European average ( see chart). Late last year, Spain was still at 108 , ahead of Germany ( 104 ), Italy ( 106) and the EU average ( 106).
Low inflation in the euro area is part of the competitive eating effort
And is that low inflation across the euro zone, which has sparked some alarms about the risk of deflation is also eating a considerable part of the efforts they are doing relative competitiveness Spanish , as prices are moderating in all club money at the same time.
For its part, the adjustment of labor costs has been noticeable when looking at productivity . According to calculations by director Func juncture , Angel Laborde , the labor cost per unit produced ( as well the cost takes into account productivity ) got back last year in Spain to the level prior to the introduction of the euro , which supposed to undo the previous escalation : between 1998 and 2008, these costs increased 18 % above the average for the euro area.
And according to the Bank of Spain , wages have narrowed more than what the statistics say that the job destruction was primed especially in the beginning of the crisis in the worst paid jobs who lost weight in the statistics. In this line , while the average decline in real wages for 2012 was 1% , with the correction of this so-called " composition effect " , falling more than 2% in the contribution base of workers.
Balbino Prieto , who chairs the Exporters Club , complains that the difference in competitiveness "is heavily influenced by what happens to the energy costs ." "I'm a businessman and I wish I could have more benefits to grow and create more jobs, we can not forget that they had been losing profit margins and what is happening now is recovering ," Prieto ditch , which also chairs two consulting firms and foreign trade.
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