国際通貨基金は、スペインは物価下落の危険性の唯一の大きな国だと警告。
PREVISIONES DE PRIMAVERA
El FMI alerta de que España es el país con mayor riesgo de deflación
El FMI alerta contra el riesgo de deflación en la zona euro y reclama al BCE que intervenga
El organismo reclama cambios al modelo de unión bancaria europea
El Fondo mejora las previsiones para España hasta el 0,9% en 2014
DESCARGABLE Informe de perspectivas regionales (en inglés)
A. MARS (ENVIADA ESPECIAL) Washington 8 ABR 2014 - 15:02 CET
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FORECAST OF SPRING
The IMF warns that Spain is the country most at risk of deflation
The IMF warns against the risk of deflation in the euro area and calls on the ECB to intervene
The body seeks changes to the model of European banking union
The Fund improves forecast for Spain to 0.9% in 2014
DOWNLOADABLE regional outlook report (in English)
A. MARS (SPECIAL SENT) Washington 8 APR 2014 - 15:02 CET
Mario Draghi will be one of the most wanted men in Washington these days . The spring meeting of the International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is being used to capture how is rev up the different sensitivity between it and the European Central Bank ( ECB) to this new , large and very complex new problem that haunts the euro zone , low - too - low inflation and subsequent deflation risk . It is a widespread and persistent fall in prices just blocking the economy. The peripheral countries are those that are closer to the danger of deflation and Spain , in particular , is the only one that situation of " high risk" is ahead of Ireland and Greece , which assume a moderate risk .
The global outlook report governing body Christine Lagarde fires alarms on this phenomenon , which they see a 20 % chance , and urges action to an ECB takes months exploring the limits before giving the key.
moreDraghi tries to ward off the specter of deflation in EuropeInflation in Europe playing in five years minimumEurope underpins banking unionThe Fund rebate almost midpoint growth for Latin America
"Given the fragile and weak growth and very low inflation , more monetary stimulus is needed to achieve the objectives of the ECB inflation below but close to 2 % ," says the report, which raises new possibilities and cuts rates interest ( as in a historic floor of 0.25% ) , negative deposit rates (which subtract attractive to encourage savings and credit) and long-term refinancing operations for SMEs, among others. " The ECB is studying them and hopefully put them up as soon as technically feasible . Sooner you do , the better ," stressed at a press conference Olivier Blanchard , chief economist of the institution.
The message rekindles an old battle between one side and the other of the Atlantic. The alerts issued in recent weeks by the IMF, Lagarde or through its technical , support the theory Olivier Blanchard , the head of the Fund, the ECB 's inflation target should be higher than economist that " close but below 2% " . The idea expressed in 2010 led to the European body out in a rush : Axel Weber, board member of the government and president of the German Bundesbank , crossed the proposed " negligent and prejudicial" . Another counselor , Lorenzo Bini Smaghi warned that up those inflation targeting was " like saying that the biggest problem of recent monetary policy was that Greenspan was not sufficiently strong to prevent the negative consequences of the bursting of the bubble instead of misguided policy that served to inflate . Errare humanum est, endure diabolicum ( to err is human , but to persevere is diabolical ) . "
Although since then the picture has changed , inflation has been declining since 2011 , it is expected to remain at low levels until at least 2016 and some countries such as Spain and Greece, the brunt of the crisis and the cuts are close increasingly feared that deflation . The internal devaluation effort loses steam if neighboring countries and competitors also moderate prices. So southern Europe calls for action .
less inflation
It is also possible that the already low expectations of inflation are reduced, now warns the Fund, and this "would lead to a higher real rates of interest , to a worsening of the debt burden and lower growth," she said. The report mentions some of the major problems of Spain stating that " in countries that need to increase competitiveness and where prices and wages should go lower relative other eurozone countries , this would mean further deflation and even worse side effects growth . "
Deflation is poison for the economy because the expectation that costs will fall slows many purchasing decisions , especially in the coming deferrable - lasting and expectation of devaluation of assets discourages business investment . This trend feeds on itself, weighting prices further , and eventually petrify the economy.
But there are other consequences. Though prices fall , wages in nominal terms is very complicated to be reduced , which hampers the margins of companies. And that joins the growing burden of debt in real terms , which with a few frozen wages or business income complicates down payment. In addition, assets that are linked loans have lost value . A panorama ultimately be returned to the Spanish economy as a recent and terrible nightmare.
Draghi said after the last meeting of the ECB to decide on monetary policy that the agency would take "unanimously" action if the trend is not corrected , which reassured the markets. The question is whether the words of the President of the ECB be able to maintain its placebo effect for a long time . The IMF has clearly shown that misses more timely espetera to act despite that values the improvement in domestic demand and has raised one-tenth the growth forecast for the euro area both for 2014 and for 2015 to 1.2% and 1.5% , respectively.
Union bank
But the Fund has more complaints for Europe , the process of banking union seeking unlink countries risks their banks seems insufficient . "It's critical to have a complete banking union bank to reduce fragmentation and weaken the links between banks and sovereign risks ," the report said.
The type of entity resolution process with issues decided at the Feb. 20 summit " is complex and can not provide solutions on time , especially if the support is provided a unique background resolution." In this line , the IMF calls for a faster transition to the period of pooling of risks and the common fund for this lan B for the eurozone invented to save his monetary union goes well.
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