国際通貨基金は、将来の破綻した銀行を救済するための基金の財源にするためにあたらしい税金の徴収を提案
ANÁLISIS FINANCIERO
El FMI apoya un impuesto para cubrir el coste de futuros rescates
El organismo recomienda limitar el tamaño de los grandes bancos para reducir riesgos
Pide a los emergentes que vigilen la participación de la inversión extranjera directa
DESCARGABLE Informe del FMI, capítulo II
DESCARGABLE Informe del FMI, capítulo III
Sandro Pozzi Nueva York 31 MAR 2014 - 15:36 CET
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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The IMF supports a tax to cover the cost of future bailouts
The agency recommends limiting the size of the big banks to reduce risks
Requests emerging to monitor the participation of foreign direct investment
DOWNLOADABLE IMF Report, Chapter II
DOWNLOADABLE IMF Report, Chapter III
Sandro Pozzi New York 31 MAR 2014 - 15:36 CET
The IMF believes that the reforms adopted after the financial collapse helped reduce the "implicit public support" for the big banks. However, he warns that the probability of systemic institutions are rescued is high. Therefore, urges governments to " destroy" their competitive advantage , protect the taxpayer calls and encouraged to promote financial stability. With these objectives , the organization supports the creation of a fee for recovering costs of an eventual rescue and also the size of the big banks is limited .
The principle of too big to fail is alive . This means that entities that are vital to the economy and the financial system can continue to take greater risks than smaller ones, because they assume that they will not remove the safety net . That indicates the Fund study on subsidies to big banks , raises systemic risk. Implicit public protection 590.000 million is estimated .
Governments intervened in 2008 after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in mass by providing liquidity to distressed entities , arguing that it was necessary to safeguard financial stability. But this kind of insurance to the big banks , analysts said the Fund creates a " distortion of competition " promotes "excessive takes" risks and has a " ruinous " cost to the taxpayer .
It was hoped that the crisis had served to break this principle . However, an incentive for large banks grow more and supporting mergers caused the banking sector has become more concentrated in many countries gave . The expectation of rescue creditors also causes pay less attention to the behavior of the big banks.
To paraphrase Ben Bernanke , the agency recalled in his report next week at the spring meeting that " too big to fail was a major element of the source of the crisis " and not be effective in the response of the next " if not corrected ." The adjustment process both markets by financial firms is underway.
The IMF believes that thanks to the reforms, clearing balances and new capital requirements , the problem of too big to fail is "content" . But as indicated Gaston Gelos , Study , it progresses slowly and the results are being unequal and insists that " the expectation of public support -a low cost - if problems arise is an implicit subsidy " .
implicit support
The estimated public support for systemic banks decreased " significantly " in the U.S., UK and Japan . Not the case in the euro zone , where " remain substantial " due to the different rate at which the balance sheets have been cleaned up and divergences at tackling the problem of too big to fail institutions.
And although there is a greater determination by the regulatory authorities to end the too big to fail , the implicit subsidy is still there. In the case of the U.S. is estimated at 70,000 million dollars, according to IMF estimates for 2011 and 2012 , when the reform was implemented Dodd -Frank . Amount to be raised to up to 110,000 million for Japan and triples to 300,000 million for entities of the single currency .
As the report notes , " not all policy measures have been completed or implemented yet ." So calls for reforms to take hold . This process calls for increasing " capital requirements for large or requiring a contribution Systemic financial stability based on the size of the banks liabilities of the institution ." It also insists on the need to monitor and be capable of resolution on cross-border financial institutions.
The IMF admits that exclude the possibility of public intervention is neither credible nor socially desirable , therefore indicates that the reform effort is to "reduce the likelihood" that the major banks are in a difficult situation . As a structural measure , quote Gaston Gelos the size and activities of banks is restricted, although he admits that may not be fully effective and can have effects on the economy .
To recover the cost of the intervention on the taxpayer , who is in favor of the banks imposed a tax on financial stability . Experts believe that the risk of a crisis spreading " may have increased due to the specific reforms of each country." Reiterates its call for the international coordination , "crucial to avoid further distortions and contagion from one country to another."
Investment in emerging
The IMF publishes , parallel to the financial analysis, a study on the evolution of investment in emerging markets and the effects of a change in global financial conditions . In this sense, warns that " the greater foreign participation in local market can generate new instability " because investors flock effect , that copy each other 's movements .
Yes regarded to these countries strengthened their financial systems over the past 15 years, that will reduce the sensitivity of its assets to external changes. To reduce the effects and potential costs, recommends that local investor base expands and the size of the direct participation of foreign investors is monitored .
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