欧州のエネルギーマップの見直し
ANÁLISIS
La revisión del mapa energético europeo
EE UU sopesa exportar a Europa su gas de esquisto para presionar a Rusia, y la UE debería aprovecharlo
GONZALO ESCRIBANO 14 MAR 2014 - 19:02 CET
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ANALYSIS
The review of the European energy map
U.S. exports to Europe weighs its shale gas to pressure Russia and the EU should take advantage
GONZALO ESCRIBANO 14 MAR 2014 - 19:02 CET
Europe is facing a potential crisis in the supply of Russian gas through Ukraine better prepared than in the past and less favorable conditions for Russia. But the current crisis is not only a commercial dispute over prices, but a replica risk occupation and escalation. The best parallel is the annexation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia war with Georgia in 2008 , which left Russian troops a few miles of the corridor that carries oil from the Caspian Sea through the Caucasus to Turkey and Europe. After disruption of 2006 and 2009 Ukraine has lost weight as a consumer and transit country for Russian gas, in an effort to diversify by both parties. It has reduced its consumption of gas and started to import from Slovakia , but still relies on 90% of Russia. This has diversified its routes pipelines Nord Stream and Blue Stream Baltic Black Sea in autumn and begin the underwater section of the South Stream between the Russian and Bulgarian Black Sea coast .
Energy interdependence between Russia and the EU has also changed. The most effective European policy has been to apply their energy and competition rules to temper the market power of Gazprom , whose finances have deteriorated so much that the time may have begun to run against him. Precisely for this reason , the occupation of Crimea is a qualitative leap that demands a response accordingly. Unlike what happens in the European market , Russia leads the EU in the struggle for resources and post- Soviet routes . The stubbornness of the Commission to diversify supplies in the area of Russian influence not go down in history of the geopolitics of energy as one of its most brilliant strategies . The contrast between interior and exterior disappointment success shows both the effectiveness of internal regulations EU geopolitical limitations. They can apologize, but incomprehensible inability to accompany the regulatory dimension with physical integration of its markets, which do not have electrical interconnections Gasistas or to exercise community solidarity , and less with Ukraine.
The crisis in Ukraine urges reshape the European energy map. The selected gas projects of common interest a few months ago by the Commission now show the shortsightedness of his long-term vision . The extra- Community star, the Trans-Caspian gas pipeline to Turkmenistan, project extends the vulnerability to Russia from the Caucasus to the Caspian , and the Azeri gas to Central Asia, China adding to the equation. Even as promising as vectors unconventional American Revolution and its potential in North Africa , Latin America and some members, or new resources in deep waters of West Africa States and Brazil are contemplated. The intra - European interconnection corridors receive limited attention , preventing further integration of renewable energy to reduce vulnerability to Russia. For gas, the biggest disappointment is the inability to tackle the North -South Western corridor ( NSI West Gas ) , integrating the Atlantic and Mediterranean Europe, and opening the way to improve European diversification and ability to supply short term before courts supply through pipelines with Algeria and the Atlantic and Mediterranean plants regasification .
By geographical location, LNG ( liquefied natural gas) and gas pipelines , the Iberian branch of the corridor would optimize access to the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf corridors and North Africa, and the Atlantic to the Gulf of Guinea, Latin America and North . The crisis in Ukraine has prompted the U.S. to consider the export to Europe of its shale gas to pressure Russia and the EU should take advantage . Now in Spanish Key , insufficient gas interconnector with France prevented from connecting to the EU that portfolio quality suppliers away from Russia. But instead of being content with the usual Cherchez la France! , One must ask why it is more problematic for the Commission interconnect Spain and France to Russia to play its influence in Central Asia. Spain should strive to provide arguments to reshape the European energy policy and practice of solidarity that will allow infrastructure and geographical position.
Gonzalo Escribano is director of the Energy Program of the Real Instituto Elcano. Follow me on Twitter @ g_escribano
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