世界銀行は、2014年のラテンアメリカの経済成長を失望的な2'3%と予想。各国に必要な経済改革を要求。
El Banco Mundial califica la expansión en América Latina de “decepcionante”
El organismo pide que se intensifiquen las reformas para que la región no se estanque en una fase de lento crecimiento
Sandro Pozzi Nueva York 9 ABR 2014 - 17:43 CET
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The World Bank classifies its expansion in Latin America "disappointing"
The agency calls for reforms to strengthen the region does not stagnate in a phase of slow growth
Sandro Pozzi New York 9 ABR 2014 - 17:43 CET
The World Bank is blunt with Latin America : there is no margin for error. One day after the IMF slashed growth to the region , the agency that speaks American economies are based subcontinent currently in a phase of slow growth that will grow by 2.3 % this year. It is two tenths less than anticipated by the institution on the eve mate . So claims that the reforms will intensify.
The body speaks of a general slowdown in emerging countries , which is three less than the average percentage points before the financial crisis. In the specific case of Latin America , describes in his analysis of the current rate "disappointing". It's just one point less than in 2013 , but less than half of the 5% that got used in good years . "Unfortunately , there are more factors that make impulse ballast " he says.
The context is complex, as shown in the report. World Bank also refers to the economic future of China as a major factor of volatility, through its effect on the price of raw materials , together with the adjustment of investment portfolios from emerging countries to safer assets in advanced economies . As a force acting in the opposite direction is the expansion of global trade due to the economic recovery in the most prosperous economies.
moreIMF cuts growth almost half a point for Latin AmericaLatin America holds the economic stormIn a historic crossroadsStronger against the European crisisMade in Latin America , proud"Latin America must be the engine that accompany China "
"The severe external shocks that these are uncertain and its impact on Latin America depend on the degree of exposure and the ability of each country in the region has to absorb " the analysis by the team led by Augusto de la Torre. Economist explains that the tailwind is dissipated and the risk for growth mutates . It's not just China. The weak recovery in Europe and slow growth in the U.S. also influence .
As noted by de la Torre, these are factors that are outside the control of the countries in Latin America, but you have to keep in mind it is a consequence of globalization. The Economist notes that the slowdown in the region is "obvious" and explains that growth " seems to be stagnating at a slow pace ." His fear is that more a trend that a low point in the cycle. " There is one thing we can control is the quality and our policies ," he adds .
big differences
The investor optimism contrasts with Mexico to Brazil , the largest economy in Latin America.
The performance is very heterogeneous , as is also seen in the IMF data . At one extreme is Venezuela , with a contraction of 1% growth this year. Panama on the other , will grow by 7%, followed by Peru with 5.5%. Other countries will motor region are Chile and Colombia , with growth of 3.5 %, above the average. It also highlights the rebound of Mexico , which will rebound to 3% due to the reforms, calling them " impresionates " .
The investor optimism contrasts with Mexico to Brazil , the largest economy in Latin America. It is the country that makes ballast , projected this year to below 2 % growth. The World Bank regrets in this case that has not wrought a reform agenda to break with this scenario of low growth, low savings and low investment.
Ie coinciding with the IMF assessment , emerging countries ceased to be the stars of growth. However, the World Bank is optimistic but cautious in talking about Latin America. In favor of the region , unlike Asia, I knew playing capitalize external tail wind to boost domestic demand and achieved greater integration of the financial system . That makes it far less vulnerable to external shocks than in the past .
Moreover, the World Bank economists point out that in most countries in the region will be fluctuations in business cycles similar to those seen in advanced economies . That is, the expansion and contraction pattern past is history. It also indicates that they have more leeway to adopt monetary and exchange to address the political turmoil .
Break with the past
The region is not immune. Foreign direct investment and remittances are also subject to cycles and can act in opposite directions.
Another break from the past , and Latin America makes it more resistant to external shocks , is that the region achieved during the last two decades rebalance the way it is financed. Now does not depend as much as in 1990 the credit that comes from international banks and investment is more direct . Moreover , instead of borrowing , serves the world .
This increased financial integration in Latin America is reassuring . But the region is not immune , because foreign direct investment and remittances are also subject to cycles and can act in opposite directions. The challenge is to ensure that the two move in the same direction that becomes a move that will intensify reforms to improve competitiveness through increased productivity.
It also calls for better design of social policies in national budgets , to address the tax burden through lower economic growth . It will indicate from the World Bank, a major challenge if Latin American countries want to maintain the rapid pace of social progress to which he was accustomed in the past decade . "Unfortunately, in all countries will not be able to get it ," he concludes .
By way of conclusion that calls on countries in the region to harness the potential of foreign investment and remittances policy innovation and productivity. In the case of households receiving remittances , it is recommended to invest the money of his family in health, education and housing. That, in turn , will create a business climate that will attract their own workers and more foreign investment.
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