アムネスティは、米国の無人機(drones;遠隔無線操作暗殺無人飛行(兵)機)による攻撃で戦争犯罪を非難 )による攻撃で戦争犯罪を非難
Amnistía denuncia crímenes de guerra en los ataques de EE UU con drones
Un informe denuncia violaciones de la legislación internacional por el uso de aviones no tripulados para cometer ejecuciones
Ángeles Espinosa Dubái 21 OCT 2013 - 23:13 CET
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Amnesty denounces war crimes in attacks by U.S. drone
A report alleges violations of international law for the use of drones to commit executions
Angeles Espinosa Dubai 21 OCT 2013 - 23:13 CET
"Before the drones did not scare me , but now when I hear one I wonder if I'll be next ," said Nabeela , a Pakistani girl eight years . Before and after small it marked the death of his grandmother a year ago in North Waziristan , a region of Pakistan bordering with Afghanistan. Manama Bibi, 68, was picking vegetables for dinner in his garden when the projectile before the sprayed several grandchildren. The case is one of the Amnesty International (AI ) analyzes in a report that questions the use of these devices and Washington claims that just cause civilian casualties .
" We are very concerned that these and other attacks have resulted in wrongful death or extrajudicial killings constituting war crimes ," says the analysis entitled Will I be next? U.S. airstrikes in Pakistan. For its realization , AI has investigated nine of the 45 bombings carried out in North Waziristan between January 2012 and August, with dozens of interviews with survivors and relatives of victims .
Amnesty notes that since the U.S. intervention in Afghanistan in 2001 that tribal region has become a haven for the Taliban and Al Qaeda militants and also the basis for their attacks on both sides of the porous border. Hence it is still the hardest hit by the drones. However, denounced the lack of transparency in the U.S., which has not given adequate legal justification for attacks and refuses even to report the circumstances once held.
The report explains that it is not clear if the U.S. acts in the context of armed conflict , in which case the international humanitarian law (also known as the law of war ) would apply. Otherwise, you would have to conform to international human rights law . Anyway , remember that " killing a civilian who is not directly involved in hostile actions is an arbitrary deprivation of life ."
" The secrecy surrounding the drone program gives the U.S. Administration license to kill out of reach of the courts or of the basic principles of international law . Time for the U.S. to explain the matter has come and hold to account those responsible for these violations , "said Mustafa Qadri , Pakistan researcher for AI .
The organization admits that under international humanitarian law not all civilian deaths that occur are illegal . However, the cases that have reviewed challenge the assertion that U.S. drone operations are based on reliable information , they are very accurate and only kill members of armed groups. Although AI does not endorse figures between 400 and 900 civilians dead and at least 600 wounded to NGOs , their work reveals that sufficient precautions to protect civilians are taken, nor compensates victims when errors occur .
AI researchers have sought an explanation for the missile that killed Mamana Bibi and wounded several of his grandchildren . A source from the Pakistani secret services Taliban said they had used a satellite phone to a nearby road where the woman was . However, after reviewing satellite images , they found that possibility inconsistent with the ground.
" If the Taliban mistaken for a hostile attitude at the time of the attack, then it seems that the necessary precautions were taken ," warns the report speaks of " catastrophic failure " . "It was mistakenly identified as a target, the target was selected with wrong information and the attack is not canceled once it became clear that the target was a civilian , or operators of drone shot and intentionally killed Mamana Bibi " raises the organization before noting that his family has received no apology or compensation from the U.S., which has not even acknowledged the incident.
Otherwise, AI admits that the target may have been a group of Afghan Taliban in Zowi Sidgi , a village located on a transit route such fighters to their havens in Pakistan . However, he notes that the objectives were not at that time hostile and no distinction was made between civilians and combatants . "Even if there were members of an armed group in place , that does not make it a legal attack ," says the report.
Local people have little control over the presence of militants in their villages. Many interviewees told AI that can not report their abuse to the authorities for fear of reprisals . Groups linked to al Qaeda have killed many men they accuse of providing information for the drone attacks . For the same reason expressed fear about the bombing with the organization, and some of which they did after receiving threats .
Amnesty frequent complaint also " assists attackers as " cases in which a second missile is fired when the locals come to assist victims , a practice he calls " war crime " . Also objected to the so-called " shock attacks Breakdown ," which are held even if the identity of the individuals who are going to attack is not known, but whose activity is suspicious . " In an armed conflict , individuals are entitled to the presumption that they are civilians ," recalls AI after documenting how attacks are affecting local populations, whose members meet avoided for fear of becoming a target.
Since I began using drones to catch suspected terrorists in 2004 and last September , the U.S. has carried out between 330 and 374 such attacks in Pakistan , according to various counts . Their argument is that it is based on reliable information operations , which are extremely accurate and most of the victims are members of armed groups such as the Taliban or Al Qaeda. However, more and more voices question their results and warn that they are creating animosity among the affected populations encourages recruitment by the groups with which we want to end .
"The policy of targeted assassinations of U.S. sets a dangerous precedent that other countries can exploit [ plus ] erode the foundations of the international framework for the protection of human rights" , AI to Washington asking for more transparency about the attacks, independent research concludes on cases where there are suspicions of wrongful death lawsuits those responsible and compensation for victims.
Human Rights Watch has made a similar report on the bombing with drones in Yemen.
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