北朝鮮の現実の生活とは どんなものか?
Un paraíso sin minusválidos ni luz
¿Cómo es la vida real de los norcoreanos? EL PAÍS ha buscado los testimonios de los pocos extranjeros que han residido en el país para retratar el día a día de los súbditos de Kim Jong-un
Jerónimo Andreu 7 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
A paradise handicapped or light
What is the real life of North Koreans? COUNTRY has sought the testimony of the few foreigners who have resided in the country to portray the daily life of the subjects of Kim Jong-un
Jerome Andreu 7 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
Neither punishment camps, nor the great Yankee pump. There is a direct threat to the people of Pyongyang: the boredom of political acts. I discovered the British Ambassador John Everard when he served in the country. I always wondered what the North Koreans spoke rallies and indoctrination sessions they should attend weekly. "I do not know," I answered, and he thought it was by discretion. Until I realized that not: that to hear the litany of the virtues of the regime, the North Koreans were desenchufaban and catatonic, daydreaming that I wish I had some meat for dinner.
North Korea is a mystery. How much applauded speech inhabitants Kim Jong-un? Can it be that the internal pressures are spurring the military bravado against South Korea and the U.S.? Hard to answer when not even know most banal aspects of life in the country. Recently the Associated Press opened its first international office in Pyongyang and the international community celebrated as a step towards transparency, until it was revealed that the two journalists had been hired from a list proposed by the regime. As an alternative way of knowledge refugees are fleeing and the few Westerners who have lived in the country a little chatty group composed of members of embassies, NGOs and international organizations aware that breaching confidentiality will create problems. The British ambassador between 2006 and 2008, John Everard, wrote about his experiences in beautiful Only please (Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, 2012) after leaving the diplomatic service, and its editor-Stanford University has not responded to requests for interview. The Spanish embassy in Seoul that Pyongyang cover deals also declined express. Only a diplomatic source has told his experiences in Pyongyang (three million) on condition not to disclose or even their country of origin. This diplomat describes a gray life, secretive and hierarchical. "With all its limitations, Pyongyang is a kind of proletarian paradise. Living there is a prize because there is famine and have more opportunities, so that longer deserve the things they put on a truck and take it to the field. That threat creates a certain paranoia compounded by details like control visits in homes. A meeting of more than one is a conspiracy. In public places you can talk, but nothing more, "he explains. His experience was not particularly endearing. "Nothing a beer after work," he says wearily. "They did not want intimacy". The diplomat asked not specify the year that worked there: "It does not. The routine does not change significantly in either three years or in 40 ".
There is a unique lifestyle network and emits only half an hour a week of international information
Everard did not realize that the North Koreans have so much trouble talking (once eluded government control), and believes that ultimately ends up imposing on shyness tremendous passion for Asian La accumulate chat and gossip. It could establish a relative privacy conversations in which address issues such as marital infidelity or older troubled relationship with Confucianism imposed. Even he was surprised to find a certain naivete in their partners. For example, to alert them might have been bugged about their conversation, they were laughing and pointing that being that North Korea would certainly damaged.
Ambassador decided to collect their experiences tired of the joy with which on the western side repeated the clichés about small people marching North Koreans submissive. More precisely, the ambassador noticed an enemy: television analysts accustomed to discuss the North Korean brainwashing without setting foot in the country. The Kim hairstyles are fun, according, the strident personality cult and dedicate songs, a comic pathos: no one doubts. What is not to reduce Everard asked the North Koreans to subjects of a huge joke. "It's a real country, where real people live, whose lives revolve around nuclear policy, but their families, their colleagues and the everyday concerns".
Workers in a silk factory. / Bobby Yip (REUTERS)
The result is a revealing story: the country has great social differences, and those who do not belong to the upper caste offend them expensive handbags worn by the women of the party cadres or the mysterious luxury cars blessed with tuition " 2.16 "(referring to the date of birth of Kim Jong-il, 16/02/1941) can jump traffic signals. Even middle-class officials dealing with the ambassador living in crowded apartments where necessary breakfast shift. Your diet is poor, composed almost exclusively of rice, and have an inordinate fondness for snuff and alcohol. Everard detects that the omnipresent advertising has lost influence and people buy only part of it. "Do not believe the mountains dance of joy when he was born Kim Il-sung, but it seemed in bad taste to ask them about these things," he says. His work is peppered with tips like that is not very fun to go to karaoke, where all the songs are about the powers of the Great Leader. Also revealing anecdotes, for example, when invited to plant rice on a collective farm. "Do not bother them visits," asked a farmer. "What goes: when you come let us get the tractor," he replied.
The darkness caused by a lack of fuel is the first surprise. Both comic vignettes that Pyongyang (Astiberri, 2005), the Canadian Guy Delisle, fill with black silhouettes as the sun goes down: ghosts that walk through a city in which only souls shine like beacons for the statues of the leaders of revolution. Guy Delisle, who has also refused to speak for this story, describes four lane roads without cars and guides who refuse to answer your questions (quite irrelevant, by the way) or that they do so creepy. For example, when asked why his translator did not see disabled people in the capital, he responded: "Because all North Koreans are born strong, intelligent and healthy." The British former ambassador says he heard another explanation: the handicapped are sent out of the capital for the purpose of image.
It's almost impossible to take a hot shower, even in winter when the temperature drops below 20 degrees
The Canadian case is unique. He came to the country because the French animation company he worked for had relocated production of its cartoons. Delisle has the mission to monitor the quality, and do not you forget the cynicism that represents your employer pay starvation wages to the North Koreans to create children's entertainment. His notes on the workplace are rewarding. Although the market is nominally free and people can change jobs, Canadian shows that when an artist was bad, one disappeared and been replaced provinces. The North Koreans are devoted workers, wanting their country functioning. That does not mean that most aspire to a job in the trade that gives them access to foreign exchange and foreign products. "I did not know anyone whose ambition was to serve in the party hierarchy," he says Everard. They work six days a week. Entertainment is not a priority of the regime, but the North Koreans want to have fun holes, usually in groups through community walks, street dances or games.
A dictatorship in vignettes. In these excerpts from the autobiographical comic Pyongyang, Canadian Guy Delisle shows various aspects of reality that North Korea were shocking in the two months you lived there: the underground-bunker, children prodigies trained by the regime, energy shortages and the extreme modesty of women.
And then there's the pleasure of chatting. The lack of information makes gossip a fundamental activity, which explains the value given by the North Koreans have fully trusted friends, usually known in the school. Apart from the essential means of communication, no internet, have a unique lifestyle network and only half an hour a week of international information. The North Koreans know nothing about their government: and the name of the ministries, and leaders have families. Fewer still, the excitement that was organized when one of the children of Kim Jong-il was intercepted going to Disneyland. Even so, the influences seep through mobile Chinese or Korean soap opera DVD arrived contraband. Watch one of these opulent fantasies involve prison, but the windows clogged families to see them quietly at home.
The militarization of life is distressing in a country that technically still at war since 1953 and in which military service lasts 10 years. That suburban is buried 90 meters to serve no nuclear retreat exudes confidence. The paths escalators are so long that travelers will often sit on the steps to read. In any case, you should go to work in time for cuts in transportation energy.
Because having problems at work is not advisable. "The rationing of food is another form of control," says the anonymous diplomatic source. "The worker gives low pay and food supplement that guarantees every workplace. So if you work on something approved by the State, do not eat ". Department stores, with few products and very outdated, found black market competition: "The state can not provide, and increasingly outside needs are met." These private transactions have led in recent years to small acts of civil disobedience, such as illegal food markets and products coming from China that the police dissolved and re-formed a few feet, like the top blanket in Spain.
More details about the shortage. Almost no one has a shower at home. Does that mean they are not too fond of the experience? Probably, and no one can blame them after learning that the country can not take a hot shower, even in winter when the temperature reaches 20 degrees below zero.
The dearth of information has to resort to such unlikely sources as the Dutch documentary North Korea: A Day in the Life (Pieter Fleury, 2004), produced by the Ministry of Culture of North Korea. What was supposed to be a glorious portrait of revolutionary routine is rather disturbing. For example, the fanfare they receive some workers to reach their textile factory, a volunteer whose door harangue them: "Here are the protagonists of the struggle. This morning you march back to the battlefield of your destiny. " All day long between coats sewn patriotic music and contests for the most industrious workers.
Another valuable resource is the work of Barbara Demick, Dear Leader: everyday life in North Korea (Turner, 2011). The Los Angeles Times journalist was correspondent in Seoul and, thanks to the testimony of fugitives from the Chinese border, rebuilt their lives in the neighboring North. The testimonies of six natives of the third city of North Korea, Chonghin, give a blunt of deprivation in some provinces almost feudal operations without anesthesia, children during the famine of the nineties went days without eating ... The Mi-ran wailing for his mother to buy him paper to answer love letters your boyfriend thrilled to a bronze statue of Kim Jong-il.
The main feeling of the book is rescued again the darkness, mental and physical. In poetic outbursts, refugees remember how quiet and natural that his country is facing the overcrowded Seoul and sky evoke the cleanest in Asia, without a hint of light pollution. This image lyrical twist know former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, in his appearances press enjoyed teaching a satellite photo of the two Koreas at night: the South looked prosperous and enlightened, the North was a black stain merged with the sea. Under capitalism this graph ejaculation, you can imagine the North Koreans at home, quietly and with open eyes, waiting for sleep comes, unable to read or turn on a light bulb.
0 件のコメント:
コメントを投稿