年金制度が破綻しないようするためには、年金の受給の社会保険の年金掛け金の年数を増加し、年金の受給額を減少するひつようがある
PETER A. DIAMOND / Premio Nobel de Economía en 2010
“Se podrán pagar pensiones razonables, pero trabajando más”
Su último trabajo escrito junto con Nicholas Barr analiza "la reforma necesaria"
Y ahora llega la gran reforma de pensiones
Manuel V. Gómez Madrid 31 MAR 2013 - 20:19 CET
PETER A. DIAMOND / Nobel Prize in Economics in 2010
"It may pay reasonable pensions, but working more"
His last work written with Nicholas Barr discusses "the necessary reform"
And now comes the great pension reform
Manuel V. Gomez Madrid 31 MAR 2013 - 20:19 CET
Two years ago, Peter Diamond (New York, 1940) stopped teaching of economics at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Now is a pensioner who is not afraid that one day the U.S. Social Security stop paying your pension. "Many people are worried and say things like: I do not expect to get anything from Social Security. I think they have completely unrealistic attitude. The contribution income will keep coming long after that I no longer alive. There may not be enough money to pay every cent to the current law, but there will be enough money to pay reasonable pensions. "
Population aging, long runs of contribution or arrival at the retirement of the postwar baby boom Westerners have spread fear for the future of pensions. Diamond, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2010 does not, but to be quiet calls for changes: "You have to identify the problems. The problem is not in the underlying economics, but in the design of the pension system. So you have to adjust the systems to demography and the economy, "says the economist, who comes to Spain to participate in a forum organized by the Fundación Rafael del Pino.
In that theory rests his latest work, necessary reform: the future of pensions (edited by The Man of Three). He has written for four hands with another world authority on the subject: the professor at the London School of Economics, Nicholas Barr. And after work, reach a reassuring conclusion: "Yes [in the future] comfortable pensions can be paid." Although tinge reappears: "The question to ask is what size you want them to have. That is a choice. Pension large or small. The hard part is recognizing that people have to work harder or have smaller pensions. Life expectancy and low birth grows. You have to adjust preferably in the two dimensions. In part, making people work harder and, in part, to lower pensions. It is important to recognize that not everyone is equal, there must be laws that conform to different people with health, work, with different opportunities and income. "
And any pension reform must necessarily pass through cuts? "It depends on the circumstances of the system," explained the former professor of the current Federal Reserve Chairman, Ben Bernanke, who was rejected three years ago by the Republicans to share with your alumni the Board of Governors of the Fed "In the United U.S. stock prices are low, enlarge should be a goal of the reform, but in countries with high prices is another story. Here the key issue that people should retire later, "he explains.
The Nobel not know the Spanish system in detail. So do not come with a detailed prescription of what can be called sustainability factor-automatic adjustment mechanism of pensions according to the progress of the economy and life expectancy. Although the manual is comprehensive and gives some general guidelines to facilitate. "In many countries if you delay your retirement age have a higher pension. If a system does not give you anything more to delay the retirement age, you will retire as soon as possible and that's a bad design, it's bad for the labor market and bad for the financial system. Countries have the option to throw everything and start from scratch. So the question is not what we do but how we define the pension when you retire and how you design the update year on year in the pension for those already retired. " "No [mechanism] is perfect, but we need not perfection, but a system that works reasonably well" ditch.
If the reform takes, it may be later, in his opinion. Neither the distortion that can be introduced into the debate a rate, increasing unemployment of 26%, is an excuse. "It is always difficult to do, this is something that people understand and it is important for people."
When Diamond won the Nobel along with Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides, the Swedish Academy said its research and mathematical models to study labor market imperfections, what economists call frictions: Why does not fit perfectly the supply and demand of labor? Are you well-designed unemployment insurance? So when fellow former professor at the University of Berkeley lands in Spain the question is obvious: these frictions End solve unemployment? "There is a debate: what part of unemployment responds to friction, and what part is due to lack of aggregate demand? Aggregate demand is important today, but that does not mean that frictions are not important to the economy. We must not lose sight of the importance of economic growth, not only for unemployment but also to pay debts. More economic growth lowers the ratio of debt to GDP and that's important. The world is not out of the Great Recession still, not even close. So it's important to do things that help economic growth ".
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