スペイン年金制度が破綻しないようするためには、年金制度改革
Y ahora llega la gran reforma de pensiones
Con la reforma del retiro anticipado, el Gobierno ha puesto en marcha la creación del factor de sostenibilidad
DESCARGABLE Sistema Público de Pensiones: su adaptabilidad es su seguridad
Manuel V. Gómez Madrid 16 MAR 2013 - 20:35 CET
sobre el factor.
era de 3,4; los pronósticos para 2060 rebajan la relación hasta 1,6.
And now comes the great pension reform
With the reform of early retirement, the Government has initiated the creation of the sustainability factor
DOWNLOADABLE public pension system: its adaptability is its safety
Manuel V. Gomez Madrid 16 MAR 2013 - 20:35 CET
While the government approved on Friday the partial retirement reform and advance, opened the door to a permanent and pension reform: the creation of the sustainability factor. Under this technicality hides a mathematical formula that will periodically establishing fundamental aspects of any system of pensions and retirement age, the period of the final benefit calculation or annual revaluation based on such criteria as life expectancy, the number of contributors or the performance of the economy.
The pension reform of 2011 provided for the creation of this sustainability factor act 2027 and first in 2032. But they do not like such long periods either in Brussels or, especially in Germany, where this mechanism works since 2005. The Government has taken note and in the decree to reform the partial early retirement and published yesterday in the BOE announced the creation of a commission of experts in a month to prepare a report with a proposal on the factor.
COUNTRY
This document is sent to Parliament which then have to leave sooner rather than later, according to the rush of Brussels, one of the most important reforms of Social Security in its history. Probably only in 2011, when it delayed the legal retirement age from 65 to 67 years as a general rule there was a change of a similar caliber.
How do you have to be? What elements should be considered? What fundamental parameters should change? "The goal is to reduce increased spending dynamics of the pension system," said Fidel Ferreras, former CEO of the National Social Security Institute, "and for that we must act on the three elements that make its evolution: the annual revaluation, the demographic [retirement age] and the amount of new pensions ".
The same view is Jose Enrique Devesa. This professor of Actuarial Science at the University of Valencia specialized in pension calculations argues that both factors integrate sustainability equation and in its ultimate consequences are taken into account more than one aspect. And gives an example: "If to create the mechanism only take into account the life expectancy of five years would be to raise the retirement age about six months."
Ferreras, also collaborator Max Planck Institute, Munich, is even more pessimistic. "If you take into account what happened in 2011, life expectancy at age 65 increased by 48 days and that by itself increased pension spending 408 million. So there are two options or delayed retirement age for the same period or proportionately reduced pension, "says based on his recently published study.
The Ministry of Employment has taken note of this type of approach and want to take the factor of sustainability beyond the law of 2011, which poses a sustainability factor that starting only life expectancy at the time of retirement ( now 18.4 years for men and 22.3 for women) change fundamental aspects of the system (retirement age pension amount or calculation period of performance). Tomás Burgos, Secretary of State for Social Security, plans to have in mind the evolution of the number of contributors or the march of GDP.
The aging of the European population combined with its low birth rate forecasts leads to worrying about the evolution of pension expenditure. According to the latest report of the European Commission's proposal of 2012, only six EU countries in 2060 will lower spending. In Spain, will rise by more than three points of GDP to 13.7%. However, in these as long-term projections are not considered legal changes or unforeseen variables as migration shocks.
There is another fact which justifies the ongoing reform of the system: the number of people between 16 and 64 years for each pensioner. In 2010 this ratio was 3.4, the forecasts for 2060 lower the ratio to 1.6.
Sources: The aging report, 2012. European Commission and INE. / COUNTRY
Juan Lopez Gandia, Professor of Labour Law at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, share calculations and demographic forecasts, but agrees that when speaking of the sustainability factor only takes into account the aspects of spending. "You never talk about funding," he complains. "Why do not question the revenue model only through quotations? You can use or create a tax VAT finalist [model followed in France]. Even up membership fees, there are countries that goes "he proposes.
Gandia Lopez warns that the age is not an element that can be played standing. "Physiologically impossible. Moreover, in Spain the problem is that the participation rate and employment of over 60 years [37.3% and 31%, respectively]. Companies do not hire these people fired. Who cares that the retirement age increase or hinder the advance ".
But Lopez Gandia is aware that the direction taken pension reforms in Spain follow the same direction as the Europeans: it points to the same time he's sorry. Germany was one of the pioneering countries since 2005. Berlin, in the formula not only takes life expectancy, also includes the number of contributors and pensioners. Portugal, however, only uses the first variable. Model that has followed Italy.
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