欧州委員会は、スペインの経済緊縮する財政赤字削減政策を緩和し、金融改革や労働改革などの経済改革を重点におく
Bruselas levanta el freno con España
La Comisión Europea ensaya con Madrid, Lisboa y París una nueva estrategia anticrisis
El foco está ahora en una austeridad menos severa a cambio de más énfasis con las reformas
Claudi Pérez / Miguel Mora Bruselas / París 28 ABR 2013 - 00:59 CET
Brussels raises brake Spain
The European Commission tested with Madrid, Lisbon and Paris a new anti-crisis strategy
The focus is now less severe austerity in exchange for more emphasis to reforms
Claudi Pérez / Miguel Mora Brussels / Paris 28 ABR 2013 - 00:59 CET
Making policy is to tell stories. It transforms a country, much less a continent, without a compelling story. Aided by market pressure, Angela Merkel sends in Europe for three years with a story that blamed the euro crisis fiscal irresponsibility of a handful of countries. Austerity, as Chancellor, was to redeem Europe with the seal of imposing leadership of Berlin, had brainy scientific evidence behind this thesis (Alesina, Rogoff and others). But the story, alas, was not entirely true. Even the economic models were spotless. The false story-the Great Deception, says Krugman, is only held in the case of Greece, and finally cuts overdose has met with the harsh reality: a general recession and a depression in the South, with unemployment rates and public debt as these characters fat Botero. The existential crisis of the euro has gone (with the help of the ECB) and some of the imbalances have eased, but the cure has brought neither growth nor promised confidence. The continent, in short, needs a new story: austerity is outdated.
moreBrussels gives two more years to the deficitSpain asks the Eurogroup a greater role of the ECB in the crisisSpain Brussels requires another round of labor and economic reformsParis wants to Brussels moderate economic austerityCracks euro policyBerlin press to speed take off in future banking crises
And the first chapter is Spain: the EU has begun looking at Madrid a shift that reflects the doubts of the leaders as the tide of indignation in the countries hardest hit. Fatigue after repeated doses of austerity threatens to establish a corrosive discussion between the peripheral countries, who do not see the end of the tunnel despite the efforts, and Berlin and company, always wary that the South take a chance for not doing homework . Aware that these cracks are dangerous, Brussels has opened with Spain, Portugal and France a new phase.
It remains to be seen even if that shift is real or just rhetoric. But Brussels time stop look closely deficit figures and put all the emphasis on reforms: it is soften the austerity, which according to critics with the Commission (which are legion) is nothing more than a new jacket the same jacket. But beware: Berlin not even want to switch jacket, just believe there to take her to dye. "I call it saving, balance the budget. Others use the term austerity, which sounds like something really bad, "Merkel said this week trying to find new words to maintain unchanged the speech to the risk that would mean in his career for power. "Recession and austerity unrelated" ventured his finance minister, Wolfgang Schäuble, become guardian of German essences.
Yet something moves in Europe. "The reality is pushing the EU towards a new approach less obsessed with austerity: that's very positive," sums from Princeton Ashoka Mody, former senior IMF official. The first tail spin that assumption already there. "Spain and other flagrant cases show that it is time to rethink the strategy. Although the rotation is not clearly seen until after the German elections, "admits a European source.
Is it enough to that margin for Spain, Portugal and France and the new mantra of the reforms? The half-dozen sources consulted suggest that buying a little more time. But added that, along with the relaxation, stimulus needed wherever they may be and European policies, so far missing. And there, again, you have to look to Germany. Berlin to lift one of the two feet thoroughly pressed the brake pedal, but four months of his election Merkel does not want to go further: "The public is not ready for anything else, and also to Germany has done well and "say diplomatic sources.
"We have to rethink the strategy", European sources admitted
And yet the tide stops rising. The president of the Commission, José Manuel Barroso, now warns that austerity is rubbing his own limits. The new Italian Prime Minister Enrico Letta, has been released with a call to relax the policy of cuts if Europe is not to "lose all credibility". The president of the largest bond fund in the world, Bill Gross, calls on Europe to spend to re-grow. But cotton proof that there is something like a change of tone in Europe are the words of the ever timid Pierre Moscovici, French Finance Minister: "Germany defends its traditional positions, but the dominant climate in the international community is very clearly growth oriented. Budgetary discipline should not be abandoned, but the austerity alone is not the solution. "
A tough internal document called the French Socialist Party President Francois Hollande to combat "uncompromising selfishness" of Merkel. And that's the mood of much of European politics, which is trying to wriggle out of a narrative ineffective after several years of rigor and rigor, rigor mortis road. No one in Brussels, let alone in Berlin, sings in public mea culpa. And yet the first signs of the turn "show that some are beginning to have serious doubts about the effects of their policies," indicating a high European source.
Outside experts institutions speak louder. Barry Eichengreen, perhaps best known in Europe among American economists, is blunt: "There are politicians in Brussels and Berlin to understand the consequences of that people are losing patience. Europe has long had the story that recovery is just around the corner, that's all other economic blocs in the world who are wrong. Now finally decided to lift off to austerity. Will it go further? Will something else the ECB? It is essential. " "Brussels and Frankfurt have awakened; Berlin will fall. It is sad that they have taken so long, "he adds.
The shift is not apparent until after the German elections
Charles Wyplosz, the Graduate Institute, accuses the Commission do the usual: "Too late, too little." And recommends to countries like Spain "freeze structural fiscal deficits neutral and wait for Merkel to recognize that their strategy has failed, something that will not at least until the elections, maybe ever." The rise of populist parties, particularly a recession in Germany "would be poisoned candy, but could function as final trigger for real change," says Wyplosz.
In Brussels, the most influential think tanks assume that the wind has changed. "The debate has undergone a gradual shift" favoring Spain, says Guntram Wolff of Bruegel. Daniel Gros of CEPS, explains that at this time it is more important to correct the trade imbalance that deficit reduction. "Spain has moved quickly toward a trade surplus markets have understood and have relaxed, and that makes the pressure from Brussels. So the emphasis on austerity has no choice but to change, "said Gros.
When the crisis hit, even the most liberal Keynesians again. They saved the banks, launched a strong stimulus, did anything to prevent a depression. Then Europe was frightened and repeated the mistake of Roosevelt in 1937, Japan in 1997: removing the painful stimuli caused rush current relapse. But the pendulum turns back time to the story: no major economy has ever gotten out of a major crisis while imposing extreme austerity. "It is a criminal act deliberately ignore the lessons of the past with pitiful platitudes about fiscal responsibility," says the Keynesian Joseph Stiglitz in his latest book. "Europe needs to do more," the editorial stressed the Anglo-Saxon liberal press in recent days, inviting and find a new story to cling. Not easy.
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