緊縮財政政策の誤りを発見し、暴露した大学生
DOMINGO/ REPORTAJE
El estudiante que salvó al mundo de la austeridad
Un alumno de doctorado de 28 años desmontó el informe de dos economistas de Harvard
Las políticas de recortes del gasto se basan en este estudio erróneo
El debate sobre la deuda, el crecimiento y la austeridad
Sandro Pozzi Nueva York 28 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
SUNDAY / FEATURE
The student who saved the world of austerity
A doctoral student 28 years removed the report from two economists at Harvard
The politics of spending cuts this study are based on erroneous
The debate about debt, growth and austerity
Sandro Pozzi New York 28 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
When a country's debt exceeds 90% of GDP, economic growth is impossible. The assertion, born of two brains at Harvard and on which are based the austerity policies that are about to blow up the pillars of the welfare state in half the world, has been as fallacious as weapons of mass destruction used to justify the invasion of Iraq.
"It is exaggerated to make the comparison, but I accept the analogy because it is true that policies are being taken from premises that are false." The speaker is Thomas Herndon, a student of 28 who, on his way to take off a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Massachusetts, has exposed the lie significant macroeconomic recent years, and on which the U.S. and Europe have supported in his campaign by fiscal austerity and slashing spending.
Herndon that he rubbed his eyes across the data from his regular job of hipercitado career with the teachers report the prestigious Harvard University Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff. Were basic errors. In fact, at first he thought that he was wrong. It could not be that two reputed eminences had been overlooked stuff.
The study is in the center of the global controversy as Reinhart and Rogoff published in the American Economic Review in 2010. There defending how growth plummets when a country's public debt exceeds 90% of GDP. Reinhart, born in Havana (Cuba) for 57 years, was chief economist for three years of the late Bear Stearns, the first victim of the financial crisis. That was in the 1980s, before several positions in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), where he became the number two in the department of research before coming to Harvard. Rogoff, 60, was his boss at the IMF, where he had an encounter with Joseph Stiglitz sounded a note of criticism that the Nobel Prize did from that institution in his book Globalization and its Discontents (2002).
His girlfriend, a sociologist accustomed to crossing numbers, was the first to support him: "I think you're wrong," said
There were many politicians who laid hands on the job to defend that spending run mower to return to the path of healthy and robust growth. Among them, Paul Ryan, the Republican candidate for U.S. vice president. Also on Economic Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn and European Central Bank president Jean-Claude Trichet. None questioned the methodology of the work, and its data, as did the young Herndon.
"I was convinced from the beginning that something was really wrong with the study. And when I got the data [the authors sent him Excel tables used at the request of the student], it confirmed my suspicions, "said Herndon. The young student, raised in Austin (Texas) Texas father and Hong Kong mother, who likes to play bass, tables happened to his girlfriend, Kyla Walters. She has a PhD in Sociology and thanks to his research work is very accustomed to crossing numbers. "Do not think you're mistaken," he replied.
The next step was to go to Michael Ash and Robert Pollin, two of his teachers, who now covers the back, but that at first were rather incredulous. What he failed to anticipate Herndon, nor Ash and Pollin, is what came next. Some economists have called them to take with them a battle against the idea that the high debt growth slows.
But so far not a single political leader has been in contact with the trio for his theory. Even so, the student notes that the work "is starting to make a difference in political decision-making circles." He cites, for example, the blog of John Taylor. The renowned economist from Stanford ensures that the error brought out by the young influenced the decision of the finance ministers of the G-20 to skip in his statement last week a reference to the level of indebtedness.
At the origin of the fiasco is conventional commissioned teachers. They asked the students to emulate statistical results of published studies. He chose the Reinhart and Rogoff study because "although it was blah", it seemed appropriate to view the difficulties faced by Europe and the U.S. to get out of the hole of the recession and the impact of policies being adopted in countries.
The student Thomas Herndon.
Harvard professors questioned now in January provided him all the material needed to decrypt the study and gave freedom to publish whatever I wanted. "I saw the error very quickly," says Herndon. In early April, Reinhart and Rogoff admitted that they had committed some fault code when the figures. But still defend their methodology and insist that there is a clear correlation between high debt and slow growth. "This unfortunate slip does not affect the central message," they say in a note.
Herndon, who always speaks in the plural, admits that criticize the work of the two professors of Harvard "is the easiest" and does not believe that there was an intention when omitted information such as the fact that Australia, Canada and New Zealand grew in periods of high indebtedness, or were wrong in any amount to enter orders wrong cell in Excel. But he is also convinced that the theory can not be replicated because it is ill-conceived. And it supports the adoption of policies of stimulus to emerge from recession. "The austerity is counterproductive, creates suffering."
The young man did not state neither conservative nor liberal, says he does not like labels. But it seems to be clear that "it is false to say that high debt is bad." So believe what leaders should do is see the specific circumstances in which the debt can be effective in a recession scenario. His priority now, he says, is to finish the second half and gather ideas for his final thesis.
From time is being devoted to their teachers to publish the initial findings and then further develop the work over the summer, integrating statistical improvements. And between classes finds time for interviews and even closer to New York to meet with Stephen Colbert, the host of the satirical The Colbert report. Colbert this week two spaces dedicated to their work, which shows how hot the debate. The first was devoted to taunt Harvard professors and those who relied on his studio to venture "a new economic crisis fueled by debt." "You know you've upset a lot of people in the field of austerity, important and powerful?" He said later. "The University takes great care of me," he said. Herndon admits being unprepared for the media onslaught. "Did not even have a good picture," he says. And the initials with which the three authors sign work, HAP, taken from the initial of their last names, has already inspired an expression among students: "To get happed" someone will point out the mistakes.
The boy believes his experience will make students pay much more attention to the time to check again and again the results of their work. "They will be much more careful." As Colbert said, a couple of Harvard did not notice the error because there is no one above them who check their studies. Now, as noted Kyla, your kid will have less time to practice music, but their job prospects have improved.
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