欧州連合におけるドイツの構造的権力、ドイツの独裁、ゴリ押し、強行、意地っ張り。
TRIBUNA
El poder estructural de Alemania
Berlín está logrando imponer su modelo económico, muy alejado del anglosajón
Federico Steinberg 24 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
TRIBUNE
The structural power of Germany
Berlin is succeeding in imposing its economic model, far from the Anglo-Saxon
Federico Steinberg 24 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
Susan Strange, a founder of the discipline of the new international political economy, explained in his classic States and Markets, 1988, the difference between the two types of power that are exercised in the international economy: the relational and structural. Relational power refers to power as understood by the realist school of international relations, ie the ability of A to make B do something he would not do if A does not exist. However, Strange stressed that structural power, which is much more subtle, which is increasingly used in international relations, especially when it comes to economics. It refers to the ability of an actor, usually a country, to shape the structures of the international political economy in which they operate while other countries such as corporations, international institutions or other non-state actors, from the unions to the scientific . Structural power includes, therefore, the ability to dominate the world of ideas and to impose an interpretation of reality that is hegemonic and incontestable and thus indirectly determines both decisions made in economic policy and priorities on which the debate. It is a more difficult to perceive and tremendously effective, it is not necessary to continually act to exercise and therefore unfolds who is not perceived as an actor continuously imposing their interests, when in fact he does, even if indirectly.
Since the original formulation of Strange, this conceptualization of power has served to explain how U.S. hegemony shaped the international economic order after the war, driving (and sometimes imposing indirectly) institutional arrangements that benefited. More recently, in the nineties, has been used to explain how the United States has driven financial globalization.
Out solutions to the crisis in the American or Japanese have been virtually banished in Europe
The novelty is that the concept of structural power is now also useful for understanding the behavior of Germany to the euro crisis. Germany is achieving impose their interpretation of the crisis, according to which the problem is overspending and low competitiveness in southern countries and, therefore, the solution is austerity and structural reforms in peripheral countries. Little by little, are making this narrative is integrated into the new European rules changing cooperative symmetry that characterized the Community method and replacing it with a creditors asymmetric intergovernmentalism obligors. Thus, the fiscal pact and other reforms of European economic governance, decision-making mechanisms and actions of the European rescue fund (the ESM), how to address the banking union or the idea of incorporating "contracts" between the Commission European and Member States to ensure the progress of structural reforms, as well as respond to short-term interests of Germany, allow you to set a framework that restricts the room for maneuver of its partners to implement policies that considered inadequate without the need to be continually vetándolas. Thus, the solutions out of the crisis in the American (via fiscal impulses or unorthodox monetary policy) or Japanese (via adoption of higher inflation targets to accelerate deleveraging and, in turn, promote exports) have been virtually banished from the debate in Europe. Germany (and northern European satellites) is getting that new economic rules that are being built for the monetary union immovably fixed in particular economic doctrine, which resembles the Germanic ordoliberal model. This view of capitalism is not the prevailing Anglo-Saxon model in the UK and the U.S.. The ordoliberlismo distrusts both Keynesian stimulus policies and the self-regulating market, advocates the existence of a strong state to help build a harmonious and cohesive society hates inflation and debt and has to exports and not domestic demand as the main engine of growth. This view goes well with the statist component is well received in France, but the French vision collides with the European Union.
Germany, which is uncomfortable having to exercise leadership in Europe and is tired of being accused of imperialism, has chosen to try to make his economic vision is the only viable euro zone out of crisis. When the Southern European countries wake of economic nightmare which they are immersed, you may be forced to alemanizar their economies without Germany having to do anything to impose it. This is the appearance of structural power in the European Union is a major change in performance.
Federico Steinberg is principal investigator for International Economics Elcano Royal Institute and University professor Autónoma de Madrid.
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