ポルトガル政府の財政削減政策に抗議して 民衆は抗議行動のほうき
REPORTAJE
Abril vuelve a Portugal
Junto al miedo, la pobreza y los ajustes que acarrea la crisis, recientemente tumbados por el Tribunal Constitucional, en las calles lusas surge una rebelión pausada y firme que entona el viejo himno de la ‘revolución de los claveles’. Una nueva ola de cambio reclama justicia social ante los recortes.
Antonio Jiménez Barca 9 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
FEATURE
April returns to Portugal
Along with fear, poverty and adjustments that come with crisis, recently felled by the Constitutional Court, on the streets lusas a rebellion arises slowly and firmly that the old hymn sings the 'Carnation Revolution'. A new wave of change calls for cuts to social justice.
Antonio Jiménez Barca 9 ABR 2013 - 00:00 CET
On a hill in a border area between the Algarve and Alentejo there is a small town of strongly symbolic name today in Portugal: Purgatory. There is a tavern-sale, farm stores, a tired old man with cudgel, orchards and a gas station. The employee at the gas station, Ana Encarnação Rybak, stops paying a potted geraniums to tell his life wandering in a sentence ("I have 48 years, was born here, but lived in France and Tunisia before returning"). Then he shakes his head to make it clear that life in purgatory is bad, very bad, and gives an object lesson of what the economists called troika with something irritating pomposity "plummeting domestic consumption":
-I have been asked several times seven euros of petrol, even five ... but the other day a neighbor came and bought me 1.75 euros of petrol for the car. Is the record. For now.
The elder of the cudgel and apparently exhausted gait now resolutely advancing along a lane in order to get the conversation soon-to-speak Portuguese like and explain the origin of the name of the people: "Women from many years ago they called because they had to wait so long for the men in the tavern. " Confess that owns the gas station and tavern, called José kid and has 85 years. Then forget remote explanations and agree that the name comes Purgatório hair neither to the people, to the region and country:
-Yes, the truth is that we are wrong. We return back.
The creeps lower class, the middle class are choking, choked cuts and tax increases
The old man with the cudgel hits. Portugal backwards, back, go back to increasing speed. The last quarter of 2012, with a fall in GDP of 3.8%, the worst figure recorded since the politically turbulent economic year of 1975. Unemployment is growing at over 18%, a figure never reached. There are 24.4% of the poor, that is, more than two and a half million people, according to the latest report from Caritas. They will be more, because the study was published in 2011, before the years really bad.
The creeps lower class, the middle class are choking, drowning and intimidated with waves of cuts and tax rises brutal in a country where the average wage is around 850 euros and the minimum is less than 500. Hardships become old and black and white habits forgotten: there are children of the silly soup dinner provided by tupper schools because their families can not afford to feed them, there are bargains to avoid risky because the doctor in the emergency room costs 20 euros; proliferate discount vouchers to buy almost anything, and grows a lottery fever homespun, A Raspadinha, that for one euro gives the possibility to earn a salary for an entire year.
There is a highway south of the Algarve, the A-22, which the government, to raise funds, said toll in December 2011. It is modern, safe and fast, but is always empty because no one is willing to pay for driving on it, a few miles south lies the 125 national, one lane in each direction, running parallel to the A-22 and from December 2011 is packed. Suffice to cross it (again) to travel back in time: rush and dangerous overtaking, accidents, sickness and short-beam headlights, fruit stands in the gutter, caravans trucks cars behind ... limping Think of the absurd Ghostly lonely highway next door to see the size and the baroque cruel crisis.
"In the last protest in Porto I saw mainly perplexity and fear," said the journalist Carlos Magno, current president of the Conselho da Entidade Regulator for a Comunicação Social Regulatory.
"This is my future," he wrote in the torso. / Pedro Guimaraes
Along with fear and poverty (and the fear of poverty) is cooked also a kind of rebellion leisurely, peaceful but firm, very Portuguese, wrapped for months in the old song-emblem Carnation Revolution, called Grândola, Vila Morena, and a civil union outside political parties, which are Lixe to Troika (fuck the troika), able to channel the discontent. The group was born in late summer at a meeting of friends who had neither a megaphone in use. Now there are over 120 people but make up a portrait not entirely untrue that Portuguese society that sees with astonishment, anger and panic, every day lives a little worse: actresses, unemployed, teachers, doctors, nurses, stevedores, autonomous and retirees, among others. Thanks to Facebook and its own power catalyst have organized two more mass protests in Portugal since 1974, held on September 15 and March 2. They promise to join (though not organize) which convenes each year on April 25 the Movement of the Armed Forças (MFA) to commemorate and remember the overthrow of the dictatorship and this year is expected mass special.
Grândola, Vila Morena is much more than a song. It was created in May 1964 the singer Zeca Afonso Jose after a concert in the Alentejo town of Grândola, returning to Lisbon by car, tarareándosela insistently to stay awake at the wheel. Almost ten years later served password at dawn April 25, 1974 so that the captains involved in the uprising did, on hearing at 0.30 on Radio Renascença, that it was time. A Hard Day was an unusual revolution, bloodless and happy. Also surreal rebel soldiers took up positions go prone on the sidewalk while some school children were watching crouched beside her, was a farmer riding a tractor, when crossed with early morning rebel armored column to occupy the heart charge Lisbon, said: "Live it, whatever". The Portuguese people then went outside and took a gamble, giving a jubilant support, necessary and courageous to revolt. And Grândola, song-slogan invented by Zeca Afonso to thank your host city in a recital and not stick a whack on the road, then by the captains chosen as message almost schedule, went on to become the symbol of that pure day, the best Portuguese contemporary history.
'Grândola, vila morena'
José Afonso Zeca
Grândola, vila morena da Terra Fraternidade quem é mais O Povo Within you ordered, or Cidade Within you, or Cidade quem é mais O Povo da Terra orders Fraternidade Grândola, vila morena each corner Em Em-friend each rosto igualdade Grândola, vila brunette Fraternidade Terra Terra da da Fraternidade Grândola, vila morena each rosto Em igualdade quem é mais O Povo shadow duma orders azinheira JA wise to idade Jurei não ter by companheira Grândola to tua tua Vontade Grândola to Vontade Jurei ter by companheira to shade duma JA não azinheira wise to idade
Grândola, villa brown earth of brotherhood The people are the boss inside you, oh city within thee, O city The town is boss Grândola fraternity Land, Villa Morena In each corner, a friend in every face, equal Grândola , Villa Morena Land Land fraternity fraternity village Grândola brunette in every face, equal The people are the boss In the shadow of an oak of which I swore not know his age have to be with, Grândola, Grândola your will, your will, I swore I have to be with the shade of an oak From did not know his age
All that we really know Carlos Mendes, a famous singer who performed in Portugal in Eurovision in 1968 (the year of Massiel). Friendly, committed and talkative, worried about his children and his newborn grandson, is Member Lixe to Troika. Speak store boxes, furniture and rare things that his wife runs in the Bairro Alto Lisbon.
"In April 1974 I thought we were going to enter definitively into a new world. Then, maybe, people of my generation left us a little carried away, thinking that life was determined. And it is not. In my 65 years I see that it is not, nothing is achieved, or that we must return to reconquer it. "
Mendes, along with other members of the group, proposed two months ago to enter the Assembly of the Republic of interested spectators dressed in biweekly political debate and, in the middle of the session, get up and sing Grândola, Vila Morena. This they did on 15 February, several voices tuned. Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho's conservative, who spoke at that time, he stopped and waited, politely and smilingly, it was all over. For the first time, the song sounded Carnation Revolution in the Assembly of the Republic, and did as disapproval of a government in power. The video went around the country, passed a border, and quasi-guerrilla protest with the song proclaims multiplied: appearances by ministers, senior lectures, site visits. All that ended with the Portuguese press dubbed grândolada.
There are children who eat dinner soup boba school and people stop going to the emergency room because it costs 20 euros
With one of the most famous phrases of the song ("the people are the boss") written in the banner header, which is Lixe to Troika organized on March 2 a protest march in Lisbon is transformed into an impressive startling parade of hundreds of thousands of people of all ages (some newspapers spoke of a million) moving through the heart of the city near silence. "It was a rare manifestation, sad. Bitter. There were fewer insults silence. But the rulers have to keep in mind that sadness. Because there is resignation. No disappointment in someone who goes out, but rage. And could explode at any moment, "says Paula Nunes, 45, producer, one of the organizers of the march, they also Lixe to Troika. In an article published the day after the demonstration, Mário Soares, former President of the Republic and former prime minister, historical reference of the Portuguese left, coincided with activist: "That the government resign now that the town is still quiet, it do before they are angry. "
In this demonstration came Belandina Vaz, history professor at a public school. It is an example of how austerity measures gnaw the middle classes. In 2009 earned 1,020 euros a month and had two extra payments. Now just enter 920 and no longer has any, after the government, to try to adjust the deficit, slashed salaries and pensions delete public servants and pensioners. "I could never have children because I never had stability, always walked from one contract to another, always acting. But now I have 40 years and I am well, and I'll be worse, "he reasons. It is not difficult to guess: the government has eliminated about 25,000 places for teachers, resulting, among other things, the elimination of teachers to support students with problems. And the forecast is that the Ministry of Education is affected by a cut extra 4,000 million euros that the government, by imposing the troika-expected shape and attack in months in three years. "Back to school elitist further promote inequality, in which students self or with parents who can help their children will thrive. The others fall by the wayside, "says bitterly Miguel Reis, 34, unemployed school teacher, who only a few months will be charged without the subsidy per month and not sure what to do with your life .
Passos Coelho has governed both by the troika pressed as a tide citizen
Both teachers and owned centrally originating Lixe that a Troika, which they define as a popular movement and not populist, where nobody knows what the neighbor has voted, but neither despises nor excludes political parties. "Above all we are against: against a debt we did not create us, teachers, or doctors, or retirees, a debt we pay, we are paying every day, because that rescue, that ransom demand, was no help: for me it was a robbery, "added Vaz Belandina.
On April 6, 2011, at eight o'clock, in an urgent press conference and improvised, the then Portuguese Prime Minister Jose Socrates' Socialist, formally requested a bailout in order to escape the impending bankruptcy of the country . The budget deficit in 2009 and 2010 flew above 10% and the specter of bankruptcy pushed Socrates to give up, head down and ask for money. The European Union, the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank (the troika) Portugal granted 78,000 million euros in exchange for the signing of conditions and commitments to control public spending. Two months later, the conservative Passos Coelho won the election. Since then he has ruled down, from one side, by the troika creditor and its demands, and from another, by a citizen tide gradually losing rights and living standards. The strategy has been to restore confidence in the markets (achieved: in January, Portugal successfully reissued long-term bonds and interest continue to fall), to move away from identification with Greek chaos (achieved: Portugal, stable since Politically, is now associated more in Brussels to Ireland), to play the role of diligent student who does his homework without complaint (got: Germany has only praise the dedication Portuguese) and weather the storm of austerity machamartillo waiting for the accounts-of the troika-out and finally emerge from the hole.
But the accounts have not emerged.
In late 2011, the Finance Minister Vitor Gaspar, announced that in a year would begin to breathe and grow. A year later, the recession's destructive cyclone kills more jobs and faster than when the minister believed then in the eye of the storm-tossed his foresight. In fact, the deficit target has already danced twice since then. In 2011 the deficit was set in 2013 at 3%. In 2012 and climbed to 4.5%, with the stubbornness of the figures. A month ago he turned to relocate at 5.5%. As an athlete in a bad dream to run faster and faster toward a goal away.
And large accounts that do not leave an impact on small accounts. In Grândola City, near the auditorium-which still exists-Fraternity Musical Society where Zeca Afonso Operaria Grândolense acted that afternoon in 1964, are Custodio Pereira and Maria Elisa, 86 and 81 years. There are a couple of retired laborers and perceive, between the two, a pension of just over 500 euros. They are in the old Portuguese Communist Party headquarters, where they have gone to pay the fee. There is an ornament linotype times Salazar, a bar counter spotless with glasses of red carnations crowned nobody seems to touch, a portrait of Lenin on the right wall. The place exudes an air of sad neglect, age and defeat. He reluctantly or tired look, eyes enlarged and deformed by his glasses, she intervenes to spare her husband the time to talk: "This is peanuts."
'Grândola, Vila Morena "is a hymn of nostalgia for some, for others and future claim
In Lisbon, next to the historic Alfredo da Costa Maternity (on which hangs a closure project), Dr. Inês Pintasilgo, 25, knows that a patient with ulcers in calves that no longer goes to the cure of dermatology because, to save, has been denied (as many others) transportation by ambulance to the hospital, and that runs the risk of leg amputated, also ensures that there are patients who choose cheaper drugs (but less ineffective ) for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and that simply means fewer months or so months of acceptable quality of life, and recalls the case of the mother of a seven year old girl with cerebral palsy who sleeps every night with above her chest because the hospital has no money to pay oxygen reader alert you that your daughter drowns.
In the port of Lisbon, at the foot of the monsters squared container stacked like mountains perfect, a red bridge over the April 25, António Mariano also check accounts. After the seventh Troika visit to Portugal, the Government has agreed to cut more severance pay and leave at 12 days per year worked in some cases. Mariano stevedore works since 1983. Now is responsible for monitoring and recording incoming and outgoing containers. Realistic, pragmatic, somewhat hopeless, this unionist knows that at 54 collects many ballots to be fired. So has joined Troika That Lixe to to force down the government, as a matter of sheer survival. "Before the arrival of the troika, he was entitled to a dismissal 30 days per year of work. Then down to 20. Now there are 12. The later in this government go, I will have less compensation. Or them or me. "
On March 2, held that gigantic demonstration stunned by his silence. Finished in beautiful Terreiro do Paco square, open to the Tagus estuary. It was six-thirty and dusk began to slowly, like everything in Lisbon. Then the whole crowd, young people who know only the April revolution in television news documentaries and old who lived in the street when they were young, started singing the song symbol that Grândola, Vila Morena resurrected. There were those who interpreted it as a cry of helplessness, despair pure nostalgia. Others saw it as a protest gesture of freedom and democracy that has been retracted by powers that are never subjected to an election. Others preferred to see an appealing town, paradoxically, to a magical song almost forty years ago to relocate the future where it was and stop watching the calendar back.
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