国際通貨基金は、実質金利は しばらく低いままとの予想
El FMI prevé que los tipos de interés reales sigan bajos durante años
El organismo advierte de que las instituciones pueden incurrir en un exceso de riesgos para obtener beneficios alternativos
Amanda Mars Madrid 3 ABR 2014 - 15:03 CET
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The IMF forecasts that real interest rates stay low for years
The agency warns that institutions may incur excessive risks for alternative benefits
Amanda Mars Madrid 3 ABR 2014 - 15:03 CET
What economists have agreed to call the new normal will not be used normally. Low interest rates applied in large economies at a time of monetary stimulus from without begin to be corrected upward as economic indicators return to normal slowly , but no spikes upward . The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) , worried for over a year with the effects of a sharp rise in interest rates , has devoted a chapter of its report global economic outlook this spring just to real interest rates and he assured that "it is unlikely that a return to high real rates occur ."
The reason is that the main factors that have helped to curb real - types in slightly negative levels around the world - not will experience abrupt changes : the savings rate , the more attractive versus bonds and volatile stocks moderate investment activity , which has not yet recovered from the shock of this great financial storm.
The IMF is a weighted average of real interest rates to 10 years of safe assets in various countries to conclude that have been reduced from an average of 5.5% in the 80 up to 3.5 % in the 90 , 2% between 2001 and 2008 and negative in 2012. " There is no firm reason to anticipate that the real interest rates quickly return to long term average level of 2% in mid- 2000 ," said the lead agency Christine Lagarde.
Emerging supported by external demand
The rise of emerging - so braking from a year ago, was the engine of growth in Ecuador this long crisis but now his strength is low hours . Furthermore , warns the International Monetary Fund ( IMF) in one of the chapters of its latest global perspectives , half of its growth in the past 15 years is due to external factors : the foreign demand and credit conditions more than favorable.
The influence perbicir already started in May 2013 when the U.S. Federal Reserve ( the Fed) warned that that year would begin the withdrawal of monetary policy stimulus and unprecedented capital inflows in these markets fell .
According to the IMF , " an increase of 1 percentage point of growth in the U.S. rises growth 0.3 percentage points in emerging markets at the time of impact." And in the same line , "an increase of one percentage point of growth in China leads to an immediate increase in growth in other emerging markets equivalent to 0.1 percentage points ."
First, the reduction in savings rates , reflecting the slowdown in the growth of emerging economies will be moderate , according to the IMF , so that no excess boost types . In addition , the court attributed more than half of the reduction in real rates experienced from 2000 to the relative demand for the bonds. They fired their appeal by widespread appetite for equity volatility and demand from emerging markets, as a result of the accumulation of official foreign reserves reserves. A tighter financial regulation will keep the sex appeal bond , plus the minor savings from emerging economies will have a moderate effect .
The alert body types in these low real levels pose significant risks persist if too many years since, plus it hurts savers , encourages financial institutions to take more risks in order to obtain benefits that they provide no interest , a danger already warned a year ago.
On the contrary , it will be so much easier to reduce debt ratios . specifically, the IMF estimated that if real rates were maintained at around 1.5 % , which is about one percentage point below those projected in the October 2013 global perspectives - the debt to GDP in advanced economies over the medium term would be four percentage points lower .
In their study, the body goes further and calculated that if real interest rates remain near or below GDP growth " for some time " , some increases in public spending , especially investment , may not have to lead to increases public debt in the medium term.
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