脱税天国キプロスの銀行破産の金融危機にたいするドイツの金融対策の失敗、恥しらず
La Europa alemana se hunde en la mediocridad
La crisis de Chipre saca a la luz la pésima gestión y la falta de liderazgo en la Unión
Claudi Pérez / Miguel Mora Bruselas 23 MAR 2013 - 22:11 CET
The German Europe sinks into mediocrity
The Cyprus crisis exposes the mismanagement and lack of leadership in the Union
Claudi Perez / Miguel Mora Brussels 23 MAR 2013 - 22:11 CET
Tuesday, 19.15 hours, Brussels. Public Areas of the Berlaymont building, headquarters of the Commission. President, José Manuel Durão Barroso, appearing before a select group of commissioners and will end up loudly shouting: "I have not been, we have not been, is Cyprus! Have you understood? ". Fulfilling the old adage of bad diplomatic-first search all possible arguments to justify a mistake choosing the worst possible second, third and final, denied by all means you have chosen precisely this-the eurozone just perpetrating a sensational fudge, a potentially catastrophic error, could reopen the euro crisis: to question the security of bank deposits.
Cyprus, a country with just over one million inhabitants, is the perceived failure of economic policies in the EU, along with several rescues failed and uncompromising austerity strategy that has plunged Europe into a social depression. Syria, Libya and recent conflicts point to a failed foreign policy. Hungary mutes one of the founding myths of the EU speaks of the failure of policy values. And Italy, in short, is the example of the overwhelming German presence at the controls of European Union politics muddies the street and leaves an undercurrent of disappointment, the feeling that you have wasted opportunities. Europe, as a guide and promise, remains the best feasible utopia, but a few weeks, as it closes today, only to see its limitations.
moreThe ECB is involved in politics (and thank goodness)'The European misrule', by José Ignacio TorreblancaIn favor of the 'rate' above 100,000
"The Union needs a captain, someone who in difficult times is put in charge, and decides to be no mistake seriously. Unfortunately, it has not, "says a senior source community. "We have a clear governance problem," agrees a French diplomat, pointing directly to the other side of the Rhine "is not blaming anybody," tercian German sources in Berlin, aware that the German leadership nicked out of this chapter of the crisis. Germany tries to dilute their responsibility Cyprus between the IMF, the ECB and Nicosia. "There were not many better solutions," says Berlin, in what sounds like justification unpalatable.
Cyprus had been swelling for years a bloated financial sector and dirty, looked away and allowed to spin black money shoveling. Berlin and the IMF wanted a lesson uppercase, while Nicosia was maintained at all costs that business model untenable. At the moment of truth, the troika and Berlin laid their thesis: Cyprus was forced to cover part of the rescue, and deposits-nearly half of them are over half a million euros and in the hands of Russian- had to pay the piper. But Nicosia maneuvered that rate affect all depositors: those with more than 100,000 euros and those below that figure, theoretically bombproof insured. The Eurogroup accepted it. That was the mistake that opens Pandora's box, and serves as a lever to explain other things.
The decision reached by Night and treachery, on Friday night last week, with ministers of the euro thinking maybe nobody would notice much in that rescue has resulted in the first yard euro. Europe, still the leading trader in the world, increasingly supervised by Germany, the ECB and the IMF, and increasingly aware of the needs of the major German banks, pierced a border inviolable sacredness of bank deposits. When the euro markets seemed saved and had stopped playing the roller coaster, the euro partners got an own goal into the top corner. "But neither Brussels nor the great capitals saw the error until the big banks started calling the offices warning of what was coming up," says a senior source in Europe. The analysis made by the big banks then activated the alarm: "The solution was outrageous for several reasons: One: creates distrust in the financial system, at a time when confidence in the sector is at stake. Two: it's a penalty on savings, when we are in the debt crisis or, if you will, just a shortage of savings. Three: questions the protection of depositors approved at European level. Four: union questions the bank. And five: may cause a social reaction against European and opens the door to a possible departure of Cyprus euro, corresponding to the contagion effect, "said one top aide of the Spanish.
From those calls to the foreign ministries, members of the euro tried to undo the mess. But the damage was done: now tries to limit the consequences. The error Cyprus "is the realization that the euro is in the hands of fans who barely understand what it means to a monetary union. It's a disaster. For further decision is tainted by that Calvinism which boasts of virtue in the North, especially in Germany, and want exemplary punishment for the corrupt South. And that can not be managed crisis ", attacking Paul De Grauwe, of the London School of Economics. "The crisis in Cyprus is full of misunderstandings. Everything suggests that Nicosia is the victim of this story: it is completely false. But it is false the decision based on punishing sinners chiriotas. It may be that the punishment for a country that accounts for 0.2% of the GDP of the euro endanger entire moral obsession club of Germany, "says a senior source in Brussels. The Commission warned of the risks but failed to impose its vision and eventually even opposed the tax on guaranteed deposits. "We are becoming a technical secretariat, without traction on politicians. That's dangerous, "he says with unusual candor a senior Brussels.
Suddenly, half the half-island's Turkish-two British military bases, virtually colonized by Russia reveals to the world the failure of EU governance, and brings to light the lack of moral and political leadership, and that spirit punitive moves to Germany. "The management of Cyprus is sloppy, amateur. But this is not a technical error: is a major policy mistake. Political failures to win by a landslide economic failures in the EU, "said Charles Wyplosz, the Graduate Institute. "The problem is institutional leadership. The Commission economists know what to do to deal with crises such as Cyprus, but nobody listened: the error is by political incompetence and issues agenda, with the happy German elections just around the corner, "an ambassador abounds of one of the great countries of the South.
Almost all sources-indeed all but the Germans believe that what happened-full of reasons to disgruntled that every day more strongly warn against the paralysis of the European project; extremists calling for a referendum on the euro, the millions of unemployed people who abhor the diktat of Merkel. And to those who say the problem is the weakness of a France increasingly irrelevant, unable to serve as a counterweight to Germany and has abandoned his luck in Europe.
Jean Pisani-Ferry, director of Bruegel think tank and advisor to François Hollande, believes the problem is in the control room. "Brussels has not understood the brutal effects of the cuts, gives the impression of being out of touch. The growth problem had to be addressed much earlier. The political reaction to the Italian elections have been awkward. Cyprus has been even worse if not criticized the German decision to tax deposits, has sent a political message to voters awful telling them that their voice will not be heard. " "France," he adds, "is also wrong. Moscovici should have been beaten only fund deposits were affected more than 20,000 euros. "
And now, what? Will it change the music Germany in view of the results do not come? "Merkel has put the brakes on all fronts until the elections, both in economy and foreign policy," says a European diplomat. "The situation is very delicate," says Pisani-Ferry. "There is a great risk that European leaders seem to not understand what is happening. I do not think that Europe will radically change orientation, but it is imperative to make a more subtle economic policy, primarily seeking growth and take more account of the voters. Brussels mouth filled with growth, but does nothing. Neither bank has advanced union what should and when it should. All this will leave problems of legitimacy: the impression of many citizens is that Brussels has a mechanical view of things. "
From Berlin, a government source implies that the speech is immovable: "We must stay calm, the results will come. And in any case, Germany and Europe are not to blame social unrest ". "We know that the unrest there, but things are not so bad. Italy voted against politicians, Berlusconi lost six million votes. Cyprus was an unsustainable model that must be reformed. In Spain, people voted more reformist party. With Hollande won the pro-Europeans. When economic stress is strong, temperature rises and it affects policy, you may end up looking for scapegoats: immigrants, bankers, Merkel ... That poisons the environment, so we need to get out of the crisis soon. But this requires putting solid foundations, and Germany knows that the sacrifices are hard because we also did. "
Brussels says that there is no room for maneuver: the settings will, the only question is whether it keeps pace or softens. Is there a way out? "In the first quarter of 2014, growth and unemployment will start to decline," says a spokesman for the German minister Wolfgang Schäuble. Just a month ago, both Berlin and Brussels claimed that the green shoots come in summer. After the failure of Cyprus, the improvement is delayed. Instead, the recipe remains unchanged: still waiting, trust us, and if in doubt do as the Germans did.
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