キプロスの金融危機の銀行の解決法、銀行の精算、100'000以上は30%の預金税
Preguntas y respuestas del rescate chipriota
El acuerdo entre el Gobierno de Chipre y la troika plantea muchos interrogantes, algunos aún sin resolver
La UE y el FMI salvan a Chipre de la quiebra y mutilan su sector bancario
Ramón Muñoz Madrid 25 MAR 2013 - 13:59 CET
Questions and answers Cypriot Rescue
The agreement between the Government of Cyprus and the troika raises many questions, some still unsolved
The EU and IMF to save Cyprus from bankruptcy and maim its banking sector
Ramón Muñoz Madrid 25 MAR 2013 - 13:59 CET
The deal closed in the morning last between Cyprus and the troika (ECB, IMF and European Commission) still leaves many questions about the solution to take the bailout of the island. This is an approach to the major issues
- Who wins and who loses in the agreement of Cyprus and the troika?
Actually, everyone loses because the news of a new EU rescue can not be positive. But what separates Cyprus from previous bailouts, including Spanish, is that confidence in the financial system has deteriorated and to extremes and be very difficult to recover. Savers, although the initial plan has been disabled by the Cypriot government of indiscriminately seize a portion of all deposits, even those of the most modest, they can not sleep well because the psychological damage is done. It is the first time since the creation of the EU to load a bailout bill against depositors, and not only on shareholders and bondholders (in addition, of course, the taxpayers). It is also the first time that applies a playpen, restricting the amount of money that can be drawn from banks. The image of savers queuing at ATMs and banks closed will be difficult to erase.
To point out a winner, but the victory is pyrrhic win troubled countries such as Spain, Portugal and Greece, to the collapse of Cyprus could be dragged into a new spiral of mistrust and problems to continue funding its astronomical debt. Stabilization of the risk premium and the recovery of the euro is greeted with the settlement in Cyprus could be signs of this relief. But only lasted a few hours. And is that the problems and imbalances in these countries are still alive, with and without Cyprus Cyprus.
- How many and how much Russians lose money savers on the island?
One of the biggest unknowns of Cyprus crisis is really knowing who they are today holders of deposits and their origin. Before the crisis erupted and produced the playpen, official figures speak of 72,000 million euros, four times the country's gross domestic product. Of these funds, 40% is held by foreign (mainly Russian), and about 30,000 million in accounts that are over half a million euros. To get an idea of the size disparity of the financial system in relation to the Cypriot economy, Spanish deposits represent 1.14 billion euros, equal only once GDP. However, the Cypriot press suggests that in the weeks before the establishment of the yard may have been a major drain of capital to the government's plans leaked to Russian oligarchs and local, making it difficult to assess the losses now. These leaks have already occurred in the 2001 Argentine yard.
In addition, deposits of more than 100,000 euros-Russian savers and of any nationality, will be significantly removed (confiscation), but the amount is not yet determined. EU sources cited by Bloomberg estimate it at 40% or more for banks like Laiki, well over 10% of the Government's original plan and 20% who are then shuffled by the troika.
- How will the deposits of savers Cypriots?
Deposits of less than 100,000 euros, regardless of the nationality of its holder and the bank where they are, and are fully guaranteed under the umbrella of Community legislation. But might impose controls to prevent capital flight. So far, authorities have not given rise when the playpen, and customers have seen their bank has reduced from 400 to 100-120 euros the maximum amount of money that can be drawn.
- What kind of bank is dismantled Laiki and how?
The Laiki, also known as People's Bank of Cyprus, is the second largest bank. It is divided between a good and a bad bank. At first, that will be settled, will be passed the 4,200 million euros of deposits over € 100,000 unsecured, and shareholders and bondholders, they could lose all their money. The good bank will be integrated into the Bank of Cyprus (BDC), using the bank resolution framework. It will be 9,000 million euros of the mechanism of Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) to him by the ECB at Laiki
- What kind of bank is the Bank of Cyprus and how will?
The Bank of Cyprus is the first financial institution in the country and majority of public capital. At the same Laiki trasvasarán deposits less than 100,000 euros and will be recapitalized through a conversion of deposits typical of more than 100,000 euros (thereby removing 30%, according to preliminary estimates) to actions, and the full contribution shareholders and bondholders. Smaller deposits are transferred to the remaining Laiki Bank of Cyprus. The ECB is committed to provide liquidity.
- Will there be clean financial sector and not likely to remain a tax haven?
The consolidation of the financial sector will depend on whether the controls to prevent capital flight to be established and that have not materialized yet effective. With strict control and after the experience suffered by the deposits of more than 100,000 euros, there will be many large funds willing to return to Cyprus
- Why had let out a tax haven?
The mechanics of the euro as a common currency stronger and guaranteed by the European Central Bank combined with the low taxation in some countries has led to the creation of tax havens within the EU. It happened in Ireland and Iceland, Cyprus, created financial systems disproportionate to its economy. Like the Irish corporate tax in Cyprus is only 10%, a third of the Spanish, which is why so many companies were created purely instrumental, giving the paradox that the largest investor in Russia outside firms Cyprus specialized in many cases investment in money laundering.
- What are the dangers they may face following the euro?
The Cyprus crisis has been to the euro as the Cuban missile crisis in the Cold War. The danger has passed but the nuclear threat, the disintegration of the euro-still there must be remembered that, except Ireland, imbalances of other countries remain unresolved rescued. On the table there is a second off pending in Greece and Portugal and Spain still have to meet the payment of interest on astronomical debt, with no prospect of recovering economies and in the midst of a strong defense and social settings tax increases.
- Will this affect Russia-EU relations?
Suffice see statements by Russian leaders, with Putin at the head, to check that distrust is very large. The Russian press has raised the issue of national concern, and many do not hesitate to call "theft" what happened in Cyprus. But the EU and Russia need. The energy supply and trade flows are very strong ties to be broken by what happened on the island.
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