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ANÁLISIS
Las pymes, ante el muro bancario
Joaquin Maudos 5 MAY 2013 - 00:35 CET
ANALYSIS
SMEs, to the bank wall
Joaquin Maudos 5 MAY 2013 - 00:35 CET
Since late 2008, credit to the private sector in Spain has fallen by 17%, with the companies who have suffered with particular virulence. A sharp fall due as much to factors of demand and supply. It is true that in a context of economic recession, it is not easy to find what is often called effective demand. But it is also true that there are restrictions on the supply side also explain a very important part of the credit crash. And proof that companies have restrictions on access to bank financing is on information that offers the latest and newly released survey of European Central Bank (ECB) on the access of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the eurozone external financing.
According to the survey, while for the 16% of SMEs in the euro area access to finance is the main problem facing today, in Spain the percentage rises to 25%, with a complication almost as important as finding customers. Only Greek SMEs Spanish outperform when credit access point as the main problem.
31% of Spanish SMEs states that the availability of bank credit has worsened in the last six months, compared to 22% of European SMEs. And to finance their daily activities with a line of credit for 34% of Spanish companies has deteriorated access, 12 percentage points above the European average.
The huge financing constraints faced by firms require an urgent response
Problems in access to bank financing are not only numbers, but also in price. Thus, 73% of SMEs stated that Spanish banks have increased the interest rate of the loan, a percentage that exceeds by far any other eurozone country and almost double the European average. In addition, Spanish SMEs also top the European rankings in terms of collateral requirements are concerned, and that just over half agreed that banks have increased the demand of collateral, compared with 37% of SMEs in the eurozone.
And to top it off, the harsh conditions of access to financing also occurs differently in the interest rate (such as payment of fees), because if the Eurozone half of SMEs believe that banks such increased costs, in Spain the percentage increases to 76%, and once again the highest in the euro area.
What about the future prospects of access to finance? In the case of bank loan, 18% of Spanish SMEs believe that conditions will continue to deteriorate in the next six months, compared to 16% of the Europeans.
One of the survey questions ECB may give more clues as to the importance of supply factors in explaining the fall in credit in Spain is one in which companies value the possible causes of the greater or lesser availability of funding, one of which is the willingness of banks to give loans. Well, the answer leaves no doubt: nearly half (47%) of Spanish SMEs states that the willingness of banks has deteriorated, compared with 31% of European SMEs. In this case, Spain shares the maximum level of negative responses none other than above Greece and Ireland, the latter whose banks needed a bailout of such magnitude that dragged the country to the intervention.
A Spanish firm pays credit 77% more expensive than a German
This valuable information can be supplemented concern with another no less rich also offers the ECB: bank interest rates. If we take the last available data referring to February 2013, in Spain the rate of interest to companies in new loans of less than one million euros (the predominant SMEs) is 5.17%, 134 basis points (bp) higher than the eurozone and 225 bps over Germany.
Consequently, Spanish SMEs bear a cost of bank financing 35% higher than the European average and 77% above the German SMEs. Obviously, this additional cost in funding negatively impacts profitability and therefore the chances of recovery in investment and employment.
In this context, the figures speak for themselves. Spanish SMEs are suffering with special virulence restrictions on access to bank financing, which requires an urgent response. Unfortunately, hopes that had been placed in the meeting last Thursday's ECB are gone, as the approved rate cut will not open the tap bank credit. It is time to implement the desired announced and unconventional measures, as the conventional (lower rates) will have little real effect.
Joaquin Maudos is Professor of Economic Analysis, University of Valencia, Ivie researcher and collaborator Cunef.
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