欧州連合雇用大臣の若者の高い失業率についての面談記事
URSULA VON DER LEYEN Ministra de Empleo de Alemania
“El secreto del éxito de Alemania no descansa en los minijobs”
La ministra valora el plan que permitirá a 5.000 jóvenes estudiar o trabajar en Alemania
Alemania se ofrece a dar puestos de trabajo a miles de jóvenes españoles
Fórmulas alemanas para el empleo, por JUAN JOSÉ DOLADO
Manuel V. Gómez Madrid 27 MAY 2013 - 01:00 CET
URSULA VON DER LEYEN German Minister for Employment
"The secret of success lies not in Germany minijobs"
The minister appreciated the plan to allow 5,000 young people studying or working in Germany
Germany offers to give jobs to thousands of young Spanish
German Formulas for employment, by JUAN JOSE DOLADO
Manuel V. Gomez Madrid 27 MAY 2013 - 01:00 CET
The high level of youth unemployment scares European leaders. And if there is one country where they really scared, is in Spain, where the rate is 57%. German Employment Minister, Ursula von der Leyen, is proof of this. Two weeks ago it was the Commissioner for Employment, László Andor, on your trip to Madrid devoted most of his time to talk about youth unemployment. Something similar does the Minister von der Leyen, who comes to the interview, conducted on Tuesday, after signing an agreement with its Spanish counterpart, Fatima Banez, which will allow 5,000 young people go to Germany to study or work. And the first question addresses the issue.
Question. Need Spain another labor reform to combat unemployment?
Answer. In Germany we have a huge respect for the ability of Spanish policy reform. Especially against youth unemployment, ministers of Employment jobs we identify as part of the European Youth Guarantee. In Germany we had 10 years experience of what a massive youth unemployment. To combat this, we have taken extensive training system, high-level and created a pact between politics, economy and trade unions. It also allowed us to strengthen small and medium enterprises, the middle stratum of the economy. These are huge advantages to specialization of labor.
P. Youth unemployment affects 5.5 million people in Europe and Europe alone allocates 6,000 million between 2014 and 2020. Is not it just?
R. It is an important step because it generates funds under the Youth Guarantee. But not enough. On the one hand, it is necessary to generate sustainable structures for a solid dual training system. Furthermore, capital flowing to credit has assumable interest rates for SMEs: for example, in Spain, where today many healthy companies have almost no access to low-interest loans, which have 6% or 7%, while in other parts the interest rate is 2%. It is necessary that the credit flow for these invest, and that creates jobs. We have designed a project with the European Investment Bank. Third, employment can also be encouraged by the 16,000 million of European Union funds. The money is available and there is the political will. Now the economy, politics and civil society have to do it.
P. In Spain you look at the German dual training as a solution to youth unemployment. What can you contribute?
R. The most important thing we learned in the past is that we reach a pact that united economics and politics. We are convinced that the economy is responsible for creating training places in companies and may have experts who know the business and need in the future to maintain its global competitiveness. We have a common responsibility to open a youth perspective: one policy, you have to create training structures in the theoretical part, and on the other, the industry, which has to be made available for practical training positions .
P. What characterizes the German dual training system?
R. This system is governed by the respective current demand. Then there is the fact that it brings innovation SMEs. In Germany, a large number of patents generated by workers leaving the dual training and not by engineers. Why? Because they are very knowledgeable experts. Finally, enjoys dual training for both social recognition through a bridge system pass to the world of college or high ranking positions. And I give a figure: today, roughly 50% of young people opt for dual training, and today includes 340 professions.
P. How German state invests in each student?
R. The dual system costs are funded largely by economics. Companies pay apprentices a fee, whose amount is fixed, as a rule, in the collective agreement. According to the profession in which you follow the training, salaries are paid between 500 and 900 euros. Each year the state pays schools, which are approximately 1.5 million learners, some euros on average.
P. The problem of youth unemployment in Europe is urgent. When will we see concrete results?
R. In Paris will be present [representatives of] the financial policy and labor market policy, but also the leaders of the European economy and the European Investment Bank with the consequent possibility of capital. It is important to be there to say what they will bring. It matters more that people will say what you can do and what you can contribute, to say what you give me. And I think that will be measurable progress. Then in July, a conference held in Germany Employment ministers of the EU and the European Commission will be prepared in June in Spain. We want to develop, from Paris via Madrid, to Berlin a road map for a growth initiative.
P. In Spain, Germany is taken as an example of many things. Besides the dual training also uses minijobs. Are adaptable minijobs model?
R. The number of minijobs in Germany has remained fairly constant and, of course, is not the secret on which rests our success. Minijobs function is to bridge. It is better to be with one foot in the labor market to be unemployed, but ultimately this is not enough. 90% of jobs are normal jobs, or permanent contract. What matters is the degree of flexibility, work part time, full time, above all, the reconciliation of family and professional life, something very important in Germany. Also very important are flexible models of working time which mostly are based on agreements between the representation of the workforce and the management of the company.
P. Spain is undergoing a process of internal devaluation, which in Germany wages go up more help. Do you have room?
R. Wages are negotiated by employers and unions. The state is not involved in these negotiations. In the most difficult years for the German economy the social partners agreed wage increases moderate, three years wages increased again more clearly.
P. Across Europe is delaying the legal retirement age. In many countries, will be 67 years next decade, but there are voices calling take it further. Do you think that doing this can be a problem for job creation?
R. No. For one thing, Germany increases gradually until 2029, the retirement age to 67 years. Second, a national economy is confronted with aging need both young and elderly people. Only due to demographic development until 2025 Germany lost about six million people between 15 and 65 years. So the younger generation will have to work even more, and experience of the older can help.
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