不良債権(貸し倒れ)で破綻したアイルランドのAngli Irish Bankへの欧州中央銀行の融資介入で、欧州金融政策の限界を疑問視
La delgada línea roja del BCE
El acuerdo sobre el Anglo Irish cuestiona los límites de la política monetaria europea
Alicia González 10 MAR 2013 - 00:00 CET
The Thin Red Line ECB
The agreement on the Anglo Irish questions the limits of European monetary policy
Alicia Gonzalez 10 MAR 2013 - 00:00 CET
The Government of Ireland surprised the market by announcing the settlement of the Irish Bank Resolution Corporation, an entity that grouped to Anglo Irish Bank and Irish Nationwide Building Society, as part of an agreement to reduce the cost of the bailout of 2010. The plan affects a type of promissory notes that were created to provide funding to Anglo Irish Bank and has blown some alarms about the possibility that the European Central Bank (ECB) has gone beyond the mandate given him by the Treaties.
The story goes back to the banking crisis of 2007 and 2010, when the Irish State had to come to the rescue of the financial system for the equivalent of 40% of GDP. Only the housing bubble hole left in the accounts of Anglo Irish Bank (AIB) was absorbed such that half of the aid. When AIB was unable to go to the ECB for funding, because the collateral to be delivered at the ECB did not have enough quality, the Irish Government decided to create a type of note or bond to recapitalize the entity, but without actual cash disbursement - so-called promissory notes. The measurement was taken with the approval of the ECB and served as collateral for funding mechanism exceptional liquidity assistance (ELA, for its acronym in English) launched by the Central Bank of Ireland.
"That's when the ECB crosses a red line for the problem of Anglo Irish is not a liquidity problem but a solvency bank resolution process," said Antonio Garcia Pascual, chief economist for the peripheral countries of Europe at Barclays in London . The uniqueness of this decision has an explanation. Ireland wanted to do a rebate to the bank's creditors and depositors that exceeded the limit of 100,000 euros which guaranteed the Irish guarantee fund both the ECB and the Federal Reserve felt then that the move could damage both the European and the financial sector of United States, at a time when banks were still submerged in crisis.
The treaty prohibits the central banks buy government debt
Such notes amounted to an initial amount of 31,000 million, at an annual cost of 8.5%, which forced the Dublin government to provision each year 3,100 million euros to pay for maturity, the equivalent-said-to the Irish Government adjustment measures promoted by the Executive in the budget. The team headed Enda Kenny had made this agreement a priority in elections that gave victory in 2011.
The deal announced last February 6 replaces the remainder of the old notes, 25,000 million euros, for a new government bonds with an average maturity of 16 years, compared to the eight years of the notes. According to estimates by Goldman Sachs, the swap will reduce the country's borrowing by 20,000 over the next 10 years, representing about 12% of GDP. According to the Irish Government, the impact of the agreement on the deficit in 2013 will be small, given the costs of the liquidation of the Bank Resolution Corporation, but in 2014 and 2015 the deficit will be about six tenths lower than expected, if ensures that no other complication.
On Friday, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Christine Lagarde, praised the agreement. "Recent steps to replace the notes are welcome, and significantly reduce the financing needs of Ireland in the next decade," he said in Dublin.
However, in Frankfurt the conclusion is not so clear. "The Central Bank of Ireland will be that, ultimately, pay the interest on the new bonds to the rest of the Eurosystem [of which all the central banks of the euro countries] fixed interest rate, while paying interest by the Irish Government will be collected as revenue by the Irish central bank and could subsequently be used to fund the government. This approach demonstrates the increasingly problematic links between monetary policy and fiscal policy within EMU, "denounced the Bundesbank President Jens Weidmann. An elegant way to show your disagreement, given what we have accustomed the Bundesbank.
The agreement runs along the border of monetary financing
"I think the agreement on the notes is a case of monetary financing" sentence without hesitation Thibault Mercier, analyst at BNP Paribas in Paris. "The treaty prohibits the direct purchase of government bonds by the central banks of the Eurosystem. Here the central bank of Ireland has completed 25,000 million in government bonds. It has become an indirect, is true. But the result is the same, "he stresses.
Marco Valli, an analyst at Unicredit, admits that the agreement "along the border" of monetary financing but insists that all agreements are in accordance with the law. "The problem is that the emergency funding that is exchanged with this agreement should be temporary and now the new bonds can be paid to complete within forty years," he explains via email.
The Irish Government denies that the agreement violates any of the articles of the treaty and, as his finance minister said in Parliament, "the new bonds will become part of the portfolio of the Central Bank of Ireland and will be sold as soon as possible depending on the conditions of financial stability. This strategy will comply with the prohibition on monetary financing of the Treaty. "
What it does show the agreement are as thin red lines are the ECB and the profound changes that this crisis is leading in the European institutions.
The market and the story of the dairy
Analysts are unanimous that the exchange value of the old bank notes around the market accelerates Ireland - "probably by the end of 2013," says Marco Valli at Unicredit-by reducing the maturity profile of the country and its needs short-term financing.
But the move opens the door to other plans that, if approved, would relax the country's adjustment program. In fact, the Ecofin agreed this week to develop a plan to allow more time for Ireland, Portugal and incidentally, to repay bailout loans given the high degree of compliance with both countries.
"For Ireland this was a fundamental agreement to return to the market," says Antonio Garcia Pascual, of Barclays Capital, "although the debt sustainability is still in question, as it represents 120% of GDP." A report prepared by his team goes further and believes that Ireland could be a candidate for the ECB's program of buying debt, OMT, which offer guarantees to the country in the event of further financial turmoil if not reached agreement on the assets tóximos the bank balance, the great Irish ballast. But now, this is little more than the story of the milkmaid.
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