欧州連合では不況のせいで1億2000万0000人が貧困層で、2500万0000人が赤貧状態
25 millones de europeos más ante el abismo de la pobreza
Intermón Oxfam alerta de que las políticas de austeridad podrían retrasar 25 años la recuperación del nivel de vida previo a la crisis
OPINIÓN: Somos más pobres
España tardará 20 años en volver al nivel de bienestar previo a la crisis
Alejandra Agudo Madrid 12 SEP 2013 - 01:27 CET
A homeless man begging on a street in Madrid. / SAMUEL SANCHEZ
25 million Europeans more before the abyss of poverty
Oxfam warns that austerity policies could delay recovery 25 years of living before the crisis
OPINION: We are poorer
Spain takes 20 years to return to levels prior to the crisis well
Alejandra Agudo Madrid 12 SEP 2013 - 1:27 CET
The middle class is dying in Europe. While the rich are getting richer , 25 million Europeans are in the abyss of poverty. Falling or not that well in the already 120 million citizens of the EU , according to Eurostat 2011, depends on the austerity policies that countries like Spain , Portugal , Greece and the UK are applying harshly cease . It is the conclusion of the report The austerity trap released Thursday by Oxfam which also warns that the worst case scenario occur , " could take 25 years to recover the living standards of 2008."
The crisis has taken its toll on the domestic economies of the EU citizens . The latest data available , from 2011 , the number of poor rose in Europe to 120 million. This means living with less than 60% of average disposable income of his country in Spain , 15,445 euros for a family of two adults and two children , calculation of INE - , or materials have several shortcomings as to maintain the hot house , pay for housing on time or eat meat twice a week , among others. " This data should already questioning what is being done ," argues Teresa Cavero , head of research at Oxfam and co-author of the report. The organization estimates that 15 to 25 million people who are not yet in that situation may become so in 2025 if the austerity policies are maintained. " That 145 million people were poor in Europe in the XXI century is outrageous and we think that can be avoided ," Cavero added .
To obtain these data and come to these conclusions , Intermón Oxfafm has been based on the growth of poverty in Europe since the crisis began . But the results that austerity policies were in Latin America, Africa and East Asia in the 80s and 90s. "We were there and it did not work ," says Cavero . And while Europe of a different situation, the consequences are still the same, says the document , which should be " a lesson for European countries ."
Alternative Oxfam
The organization has developed a series of alternative proposals for austerity policies . Consuelo Lopez, spokesman for Oxfam Spain recognizes that the ability to influence organizations is limited , especially in Spain " by isolating the Government does not meet the demands of public opinion."
But against the " austerity message , continue to insist ," Lopez says . So the organization not only wanted to denounce the consequences of these measures , but put on the board, those who believe could reverse the upward trend in poverty and save the European social model and welfare .
1. Investing in people and economic growth : prioritizing stimulus programs , focus on creating jobs and protecting the Official Development Assistance . These were objectives of the European Economic Recovery Plan , the total cost was € 200,000 million for the entire EU . In 2010 , many governments ended their stimulus programs. At that time, however , aid to the financial sector amounted to 4.5 billion euros.
Two . Investing in public services to ensure education and public , universal and quality health care everyone . Oxfam also proposes to ensure access to decent , safe and affordable housing by increasing public investment in housing construction also generate employment .
Three . Strengthening democracy through institutional accountability and encouraging citizen participation. At this point, the organization also believes necessary to improve social dialogue between employers , workers and public authorities in order to fight against the reduction of wages.
April . Fair tax systems . To this end , they propose taxing wealth accumulation , apply a tax on financial transactions and " effectively combat " tax fraud.
" It is feasible policy alternatives. For example in Spain , the implementation of a universal system of guaranteed minimum income would be 1.8000 million ( in addition to the 843 already earmarked for this purpose) , and could guarantee minimum income other 407,000 households benefiting 1,178,000 people currently outside the system. Those 1,800 million represent only 36 % of annual revenue is estimated that the country would raise the rate of financial transactions , "says the study.
Despite dire predictions , the economic situation is not adverse to all . "In many countries , the richest people have increased their share of national income, while the share of the poorest people has decreased," the report said. In 2011, the richest 10 % got 24% of revenues in the EU, while the poorest 10 % was 3%. In Spain , the number of individuals with high net worth rose 5.4 % to reach 144,600 people in 2012, according to the Annual Report on the World Wealth , produced by Capgemini and RBC . The country , however , is the European leader in licensed at risk of poverty , with 10% . A figure well above the EU average ( 7.3%). If the direction of economic policy is not changed, " the gap between rich and poor in the UK and Spain could be compared to that of South Sudan and Paraguay " exemplifies Cavero .
In this regard, the report of Oxfam stresses that growing inequality could lead to " increased crime , worsening health and academic outcomes ." Therefore, the entity called " the European leaders to park the austerity that are not getting reduce debt levels , as was his goal." For Consuelo Lopez, spokesman for Oxfam Spain , "the most disheartening is that we perceive is at stake is the European model picture , the paradigm of integration and equitable societies ."
The report points to policies of cuts as the cause of increased poverty , among them the rise in VAT - " regressive tax measure that disproportionately affects people with lower income " - the reduction in public spending from the salaries of civil servants , to health, education and social policies as well as the weakening of collective bargaining mechanisms , privatization of public services (water , transport, energy ) or the release of labor markets .
The impact of all these measures, which could well be a photocopy of the policies of the Government of Mariano Rajoy, have resulted ( and will continue ) according to the study, the increase in unemployment , especially youth " that is on your level highest since 2000, " with Greece ( 59%) and Spain ( 56 % ) to the head. " An entire generation faces many years of unemployment " alert. But the scissors has also resulted in the impoverishment of workers. " One in ten families in which some activity in poverty serves . It is increasingly common that the only jobs created do not provide security, and in many cases are hired for less hours than are needed, " say the authors of the text .
Joseph Stiglitz , Nobel Laureate in Economics and former chief economist of the World Bank, which has contributed to the introduction of the report states : " The austerity has only managed to cripple growth in Europe , with disappointing improvements in fiscal balances in all cases . And what is worse , austerity contributes to increasing inequalities that make this economic fragility endure unnecessarily exacerbating the suffering of people unemployed and poverty for many years. "
0 件のコメント:
コメントを投稿