スペインでは、下層民がもろに不況の影響を被る
Somos más pobres
Son los ciudadanos con niveles más bajos de renta quienes soportan la crisis con mayor intensidad
Francisco Fernández Marugán 1 SEP 2013 - 01:00 CET
We are poorer
They are citizens with lower income levels who support the crisis with greater intensity
Francisco Fernández Marugán 1 SEP 2013 - 01:00 CET
When I hear certain economic spokesmen I seem to those who think and act like prophets of happiness , as in his speech tiresomely insist that is just around the corner the time in which it will begin to produce " healing the wounds " that the crisis has caused. Emphatically argue that we are at the end of the recession , so it emerges as the long-awaited recovery. May it be so, although I have doubts .
I think we live in times that are not exactly threshing , wherein when statements as categorical as those to which I have alluded appear people say are made : and now that will be devoted to solving the problems of the elderly, young people, immigrants , emigrants or the unemployed. The shaky future of these groups remembered not many weeks ago in these pages Adolfo García Ortega. In view of how they would affect , stated that our biggest problem is that " we're older , we are poorer , but the rich are richer . There is thus an aggressive outbreak of injustice and inequality. "
Having so much inequality is corrosive to institutions and society , so must act to make it disappear , putting things in place.
I say this because after a long five years of crisis, economic policy, in terms of growth and employment , it has not delivered tangible results. In many nations, including Spain , the social costs of adjustment are being overpowering , with the aggravation that after a very long period of real economic convergence with the EU recession has led to a phase of clear divergence of intense impregnated dyes social regression.
Having so much inequality is corrosive
for institutions
and society
You could look for indicators that show. One is per capita income , which peaked in 2007, when surpassed by 6 points the EU average. If we now take as a measure the average in the eurozone, the situation of Spanish is 11 points lower . As since the crisis erupted income has been falling , plummeting respect the community level has been so persistent that has exposed the shortcomings of the Spanish production system.
Dragging this roped takes many manifestations , which can be demonstrated using secondary roads. The best of them all is the one that shows the material conditions of life of Spanish households .
It was in 2008 when these households the average annual income ( income ) has reached the highest level ( 26,500 euros). Well, since then a steady decline that reaches our days and reached almost 2,000 per year per household ( 7.14% less) starts.
This fall has been forced to make a major adjustment of the expenses has significantly altered consumption habits . From 2007-2012 the average annual reduction in consumer spending was EUR 3,849 ( 12.14 %).
From such perspectives, it is interesting to analyze the Household Budget Survey recently published , also carrying a breakdown of consumer spending up to five digits , as this may deepen the latest changes that have occurred .
More than they have been omitted from the Spanish expenditure on new wardrobe (clothes and shoes) . Similarly, the crisis has prevented them live better, change cars , travel or leave home to power through these face reductions in consumption spending rises as the acquisition of commodities such as transport , education and health .
After all , in 2012 the citizens had to shell out more for the purchase of textbooks, to pay school fees and transport , which add about copayments in pharmaceutical expenditure .
After these frames is that is changes in the composition of spending the factor that best refutes the thesis that the crisis is equally widespread in all social layers. No. They were the holders of lower income levels who have endured the more intense , to the point that areas of social vulnerability have been greatly expanded citizens.
We are walking backwards , since it has opened a fault whose explanation lies in several factors such as unemployment , business mortality and bank bailouts , but also on the concentration given in some public policies such as social , health services and education and monetary and in-kind support to families.
Why do I think that things have gone there? Because I argue that the crisis , changes in the labor market and the countdown intensity of public intervention have produced a shock that can have permanent effects on income distribution in Spain . Moreover, if the gaps that have opened continue to expand over an extended period , the situation can turn into clearly conflicting ( Luis Ayala) .
So if you do not want being relegated to the background - redistributive policies that entails - would have to reverse the current situation.
The tax system has been having a reduced responsiveness, while it has not been able to cope with the demand equalizing . It dismantled many of the control options of the tax base by the tax authorities. This inefficiency has allowed the most dynamic performances escape easily and frequently the supervision of inspectors ( J. Almunia ) .
As global changes in the tax code are announced , it would be desirable to avoid the serious mistakes made in the reforms undertaken since the late nineties and not insist on ideological prejudices that inspired them. Wither - again - taxation in Spain seems a boldness that only benefits few and harms many .
The tension between universal coverage in social utility and free , regardless of the purchasing power of the perceiver , raises the need to strengthen the financial sustainability of social systems , especially when the debt becomes such high levels as experienced by society Spanish .
By way of income and the expenditure is to improve the ability to distribute income , reducing growing inequalities . In our case, moreover, are very different circumstances the deficiency arising because the crisis is projected as a social phenomenon possessing powerful transformative effects hitting and impoverishes many families , making them lose part of welfare that had been achieved.
Francisco Fernández Marugán is an economist and first deputy to the Ombudsman .
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