スペイン政府は、自分のアパートや部屋を無許可で観光客に貸すことを禁止する予定。2012年にはスペインに5770万0000人の外国人観光客が訪れ、11億2800万0000の宿泊があり、うち非合法の自宅宿泊施設などは約7割の7億6400万0000泊で、ホテルなどの宿泊は32%の3億6400万0000泊。約150万0000件の不法宿泊施設がある。
Está avisado: su casa no es un hotel
El Gobierno pone coto a los pisos turísticos para luchar contra el “intrusismo”
Lluís Pellicer 1 MAY 2013 - 21:15 CET
cualquier otra época.
Be warned: your house is not a hotel
The government puts a stop to tourist flats to fight against the "intrusion"
Lluís Pellicer 1 MAY 2013 - 21:15 CET
The reviled sun and beach tourism is now one of the few economic activities that resists comparison with the previous year. And even throws green numbers. Last year Spain received 57.7 million foreign visitors, 2.1% more than in 2011, and this year the trend is upward. The sector holds the type even though the number of domestic tourist trips is in freefall. And towards that sector become a haven, have turned entrepreneurs or professionals from other sectors in decline or workers who have become unemployed. The only infrastructure required is a property of his own, sometimes even a room converted into tourist accommodation. The Government will now be much harder as to exclude from the scope of the Law of Urban Leases (LAU) housing for tourist use to combat "situations intrusion and unfair competition in the sector."
The hotel employer Spain estimated that there are about 1.5 million tourist homes outside the norm. Are alegal because they fall or quality requirements or other services to which they are subjected hotels, campsites, cottages or apartments regulated. This calculation, however, could have been swelling in recent years. The hoteliers, who have championed the fight against alegal apartments, warn that in recent years have gone to many homes holiday market and investors empty-Spanish real estate and international, could not sell. And now they add those individuals who need income to make ends meet. According to data from the Economic Yearbook of La Caixa, Spain last year there were over 1.128 million tourist overnight stays. And an overwhelming majority of travelers were in unregulated accommodation: 764 million nights in establishments alegal against 364 million overnight stays in hotels, camps or apartments that fit the bill.
The autonomous communities and some municipalities have spent years trying to put an end to these accommodations, the results were rather discreet. Now that battle is added to the central government. "There are a lot and are not identified," says Bruno Hallé, hospitality consulting partner Tri Magma. The communities, which have competence in tourism, were confronted with the homeowners were eligible for LAU, which states in Article 3.2 recognizes leases "held per season" either summer or any other time.
The preamble of the draft Law on Measures for Promoting Flexibility and Rental notes that "in recent years there has been an increasingly significant increased use of private accommodation for tourism", which could give "cover" to " intrusion ". The Government has decided, according to the draft law, modify the LAU to leave out of the application of the law "of temporary use of a furnished and equipped for immediate use" who markets or promotes in "channels of tourist and conducted for profit, "to make it subject to sectoral regulations.
The decision of the Government, both supporters and detractors agree the measure will lead to a restriction of these accommodations. That will happen because so far those rents were governed by the LAU, but now it will no longer protect them. Instead, the legislation will "sectoral" according to the project, which is held by the autonomous communities. And these have already launched more restrictive regulations, such as the case of Catalonia, or have announced that they will, as Madrid. In fact, the authorities have spent years debating how to curb these homes. But if there was any doubt, the Government makes clear its intent in the preamble of the project: collecting diagnostics and Comprehensive National Plan for Tourism 2012-2015, which encrypts the growth of tourists staying in apartments in the 15% per year, the project considers that this proliferation of holiday homes could go against the "quality of tourist destinations".
The crisis has increased the supply of private properties for rent
One of the new in this sector is Mireia O., who has been unemployed and with a mortgage on the backs of about 650 euros for his floor of the Born district of Barcelona. He was about to rent a room in his apartment, but decided that could benefit your home, all that was left, to trick while finding a job. He went to live with her mother and put her flat for rent in various websites. Only for tourists in exchange for a daily fee that changes depending on the time of year. But now your floor does not fit the requirements in the law, can not continue renting it or be doomed to illegality.
The hotel industry complaint precisely bag economy alegal involved in such business. "We feel good that tourists staying in an apartment, you can not stem the tide. But we are opposed to a very important part of staying at Spanish tourism establishments that fall outside regulatory and tax obligations, with the impairment that poses to the coffers of the regions ", says the secretary general of the Spanish Confederation Hotels and Tourist Accommodation (CEHAT), Ramon Estalella.
The floors will be outside the scope of the law of leases
The hoteliers, who are working on a compendium of international standards and their impact on communities propose to adopt have proved most effective, explained that many British investors who bought a house on the coast and then could not resell it for capital appreciation have come to rent them seasonally. Those floors, they say, are now posted on many websites in the UK, in which owners and tourists from that country can agree without being taxed in Spain.
The latest estimates of experts from the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Gestha), 2010, indicate that fraud in the rental amounts to nearly 2.926 million euros, of which highlight the holiday season in coastal areas. "Profitability is rather more housing rentals in the rest of the holiday, so it is more profitable to lease for two weeks or a month all year," agrees director of the Research Department pisos.com estate portal, Manuel Gandarias.
Fighting apartment that bag has been a headache for the general directions of tourism in the regions, especially the most touristy. Some communities have recently legislated about it and others are preparing to do so. Catalonia, which is estimated to have one million beds in accommodation alegal versus 600,000 in regulated establishments, he did last December.
Most tourist stays are unregulated accommodation
The Catalan legislation distinguishes between tourist apartments are in buildings that use completely, and vacation homes, apartments or houses that are loose. For these, the legislation imposes a minimum of quality, as they must be furnished or must be in a sanitary condition. "It will be very difficult to identify all those floors," says Hallé. The task, then, is to bring out the million seats.
The same aims to make the Community of Madrid, which aims to regulate the sector after hoteliers administrations have flooded local, regional and central complaints. Juan Antonio Duro, Professor of Economics at the University Rovira i Virgili, warns of the need for these apartments are legalized. "We should have activities that are not regulated economically and are prone to black market. And we also need statistical control of these accommodations to have more data on demand, which in many places is skewed by the high use of these homes, "she warns. Statistical control is not trivial, since the resorts need to know the population flows, for example, municipal waste management.
Many people rent their homes to travelers to tide
Juan Antonio Duro believes that previous legislation has not been possible to bring out the tourist homes because too much weight is given to the municipalities, which already complain funding problems to cater to tourists. On this occasion, the Government also wants to engage in the task, but with a candy: part of the proceeds to the new tourist tax in each locality will go to city coffers.
But the government's decision raises questions, especially considering the possibility that communities are very restrictive with holiday homes. The chairman of the Housing Management Association Tourism Use of the Community of Madrid (Asotur), David Tormos to begin questioning the central executive try to get black market properties to regulated modification of the LAU. Moreover, employers Asotur believes that this will only serve to make them to outlaw another 20,000 homes because not all regions have their legislation apartments.
The company attributes the change in the law to the "hotel lobby pressure" to the business of the apartments, which estimate that moves around 2,000 million euros. Tormos claims that the bill violates the right of citizens to get a return on their properties and the tourists to choose tourist accommodation they prefer. "It's a product that the market wants. Many developers have empty flats and have launched. That helped them out of trouble. And they do it legally, applying deductions, taxes and contributions. Many other citizens helps them pay mortgages, "says Tormos, who admits that" there is a black market because people are not taxed. " "It is not settled", abounds.
The unsold homes on the coast are also used for tourism purposes
Manuel also Gandaria pisos.com portal, believes that the rent-to-market is a good start for the houses are not the buyer, but bet that both models, the hotelier and residential, can coexist. "The hotel industry is very strong and powerful in Spain, and reacts to the increasing production of apartments. But the two models can coexist. Generally, when the tourists arrive the first year staying in a hotel, while the third and fourth pass and to housing, "he says.
The employer insists that do not advocate the closure of apartments, but their regularization, but notes that there is an impediment to the coexistence of the two models. And that hurdle, he says, is the same as in Barcelona prevented coexistence with neighbors in the Raval neighborhood. The City did not receive a complaint about a group of young people who occupied a holiday home and was playing a soccer game in the morning floor.
However, I found, the Administration's efforts focus on eliminating the black market sector "is to bring out homeowners who do not declare. But it will be very difficult to do because it is difficult to know who they are. I do not know if they will do an amnesty estate ... ".
The business of the apartments
■ The apartment sector business tourism generates about 2,000 million euros (1,500 million direct and indirect 500 million).
■ The hoteliers estimate that there are 1.5 million alegal vacation apartments in Spain.
■ In 2012 there were 1.128 million tourist overnight stays. Of these, 764 million were in unregulated accommodation. Most occurred in Andalusia, Catalonia and Valencia.
■ According to the technicians of Finance, rents generated 2.926 million euros of black money. Much of this amount corresponds to holiday homes.
■ The tourist apartments account for over 10% of all the housing in cities like Barcelona.
■ The average stay of tourists in an apartment is 7.2 nights and average cost is 53 euros per day.
■ The management of tourist housing managers said that regulatory reform will outlaw 20,000 homes.
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