米大統領、バラク·オバマは、全世界の通信を無差別に国立間諜院 (NSA) が盗聴してきたことが暴露されたために、諜報機関の活動と組織の改革を宣言
Obama pretende cerrar la controversia del espionaje de la NSA
El presidente anuncia este viernes las reformas de la agencia estadounidense para acallar la polémica nacional e internacional de más de medio año de filtraciones
Siete meses de filtraciones
Snowden, el delator que zarandeó la Inteligencia de EE UU
Eva Saiz Washington 17 ENE 2014 - 04:47 CET
Obama seeks to close the controversial NSA spying
The chairman announced Friday reforms to quell the U.S. agency of national and international controversy over half a year of leaks
Seven months leak
Snowden, the informer that shook the U.S. Intelligence
Eva Saiz Washington 17 ENE 2014 - 4:47 CET
The U.S. president , Barack Obama , will try to close down this Friday the controversy that has arisen around the espionage of the National Security Agency (NSA ) filtered by Edward Snowden with the announcement of plans to implement changes in the functioning and structure of the spy agency . So far, only German Chancellor Angela Merkel , one of the most remarkable affected by monitoring U.S. government , and the British Prime Minister, David Cameron , leader of the main ally in the practices of the NSA -Obama called Merkel last week and on Thursday spoke with Cameron , know the result of a reform that aims , according to the White House , giving more transparency to the activities of the intelligence services while ensuring the offset and the balance between safety and security the right to privacy.
Little has transcended the scope of the review , beyond that it is very likely that President radically change the program of mass collection calls , according to information collected by various U.S. media and adopt many of the recommendations presidential committee of experts, appointed in August , gave the White House at the end of December, including a railway monitoring the implementation of the NSA programs or transfer to a third agency or a private company control metadatabases obtained through programs of collection calls.
The trickle of leaks has become the biggest nightmare of Obama 's second term has been marred almost all political activity of the president throughout 2013
The trickle of leaks has become the biggest nightmare of Obama 's second term has been marred almost all political activity of the president throughout 2013 . Snowden is in Russia on a clear memory of the failure of American diplomacy to secure his extradition , the Congress, whose support will be key in the implementation of the reforms proposed by Obama regarding surveillance of U.S. citizens and within US- has found another source of dispute and division over the need to maintain or remove programs from the NSA , the finding of espionage foreign leaders has hamstrung the administration 's foreign policy.
The magnitude and the discretion of the surveillance by the U.S. government has undermined the credibility of Obama, seriously questioning his reputation as a champion of civil rights and governmental transparency advocated to reach the White House. The saga of espionage, personal communication control of political leaders is perhaps the chapter more headlines and controversy has arisen .
The daily distillation of new programs and practices of the NSA has to lose perspective of the size and significance of an activity which really seems limitless . The following is an exhaustive compilation of all the information on the spy agency and its consequences that have appeared in newspapers around the world since June 5 , The Guardian revealed the contents of the first documents stolen by Snowden .
Seven months leak
■ On June 5, the Guardian revealed that the NSA was collecting the trail of telephone calls of millions of Verizon customers of the company under a warrant issued by the Court Foreign Intelligence Surveillance .
■ A day after the British Journal and The Washington Post reported the existence of the PRISMA program, which allows the government to access the servers of major U.S. technology companies including Apple, Google and Micrsoft . The data revealed the degree of collusion of companies with the NSA , which helped decode encrypted data and eliminate other privacy controls.
■ On June 8 , The Guardian publishes the Presidential Policy Directive 20, a 18-page document that contains, among other things , instructions of the President to the heads of the intelligence services make a list of potential international targets for cyber attacks part of the U.S., framed within a strategy called and Offensive Cyber Operations Effects ( OCEO ) .■ On June 9 , the British newspaper reported the existence of Boundless Informant [ unlimited Reporter ] NSA tool that allows you to have real-time statistics on the precise scope of its spying in each country. Among the information that is highlighted throughout the month of February 2013, the agency collected 3,000 million U.S. citizens related data.
■ The same day , Edward Snowden, confessed in an interview from Hong Kong , where he took refuge on May 20 , when he fled the U.S., he is responsible for the leak of the NSA programs . After not granted asylum by the government of the administrative city, fly to Russia where , after spending 39 days in no man's land at Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow , the Russian government granted temporary asylum on August 1 .■ On June 16, the newspaper The South China Morning Post reveals how U.S. companies had been hacking and universities in Hong Kong and China as well as Chinese e- mobile population for years .■ Three days later , The Guardian reveals the whole espionage between the U.S. and UK leaders of the G -20 , 2009 . The New York Times , meanwhile , reports that in 2008, Skype launched a program that allowed access intelligence and U.S. security forces to access the calls made through this company.■ On June 20 disclosed the operating principles of the NSA surveillance of communications established in three written by the Surveillance Court Foreign Intelligence reports. In them authorizing the agency to spy communications provided they contain information on foreign intelligence , criminal evidence , threats or imminent danger to life or property and any other information that would assist the NSA electronic surveillance .■ On June 27 , The Guardian reported the existence of the Evil Olive Shell Trumpet and programs through which the NSA collects, processes and analyzes billions of metadata over the Internet . That same day, the British Journal and The Washington Post published a draft report of the Inspector General of the NSA that reveals how the Stellar Wind program , which allowed the agenda SMS to collect data from mobile phones , adopted during the administration George W. Bush remained under the rule of President Barack Obama. The Guardian reveals several Justice Department memos in which it is proposed to extend the powers of the NSA to collect data.■ On June 29 , Der Spiegel detailed espionage in U.S. offices and the headquarters of the diplomatic mission of the European Union in New York and Washington, respectively.■ A day after that the U.S. is known also under surveillance in Washington embassies of France, Italy, Greece, Japan, Mexico , South Korea , India and Turkey , as well as spying on the United Nations and the International Atomic energy. Der Spiegel , meanwhile , reveals that the NSA intercepts 500 million computer connections each month in Germany and the espionage alliance , known as Five eyes, between the U.S. , Canada , UK, Australia and New Zealand.■ On July 6 , the Brazilian newspaper O Globo discloses the existence of the Fairview program that guarantees the NSA access to Internet communications and telephone data of foreign nationals by foreign telecommunications companies with ties to the U.S. .■ Three days later, the same newspaper in Brazil reports the NSA surveillance of citizens of Mexico , El Salvador , Honduras , Nicaragua Costa Rica , Panama , Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador , Argentina , Paraguay , Peru and Chile concerning matters security as selling weapons or the guerrillas and the existence of CIA headquarters and NSA in Bogota , Caracas, Mexico City and Panama City .■ On July 10 the existence of another NSA program , the Upstream , which allows the agency to collect information from the optical fiber networks is disclosed .■ On July 20 , Der Spiegel says German intelligence services collaborate with the NSA spying through the network data collection of the American agency , Xkeyscore . This instrument has established 500 servers across the planet for intercepting , according to information published by The Guardian 11 days later, "practically everything a surfer in the website " and catalog that information in different databases based on name, email address, IP address, country or language.■ On August 2 , the Brazilian magazine Epoca offers more details about the NSA surveillance diplomatic summits , including the Americas , 2009 , or at the United Nations to gather information on the negotiations on Iran sanctions .■ In mid-August , the Post filter an internal audit of the NSA that the agency concludes that the limits violated court orders authorizing surveillance programs thousands of times . Later that month , it unveiled the newspaper NSA confidential budget , which determines the priorities of the intelligence services in the U.S.. For many analysts , this was the leak that has harmed national security.■ On August 21 , the three judgments of the declassified NSA Surveillance Court Foreign Intelligence in which evidence that , in many cases , an average of 56,000 per year , the interception of e-mails by the agency was unlawful because it is not left in no way be related to investigations or terrorist threats. This is the first sample by the intelligence services of the effort of transparency that Obama promised in early August to try to appease complaints by the scandal of the NSA spying .■ On August 29 , The Washington Post confirms that Internet giants each year receive large sums of money for allowing the NSA access to the optical fibers used. Payment is contemplated within the project Corporate Partner Access [ Access Corporate Partners ] agency . A day later reveals that U.S. intelligence agencies conducted 231 cyber attacks against government institutions in Russia , Iran , China and North Korea in 2011 .■ On September 1 , the Great Brazilian magazine reports that the NSA has been monitoring the personal communications of the President of Brazil , Dilma Rousseff , and of Mexico , Enrique Peña Nieto (when it was still a candidate ) . Espionage was conducted through Mainway , Dishfire Association and programs.■ A day later disclosed that the NSA had spied the headquarters of Google and the Brazilian oil company Petrobras and the French Foreign Minister .■ On September 5 , The Guardian and The New York Times , disclose how the NSA has used the codes had managed to disable security encryption of emails , commercial and financial transactions and transfers of millions of citizens . Article unveiled the collaboration between the agency and technology companies to implement ' backdoors ' in some of its products.■ Two days later disclosed that the NSA has the ability to access data , including emails, contact list or physical location , most of the models of smartphones in the market.■ On September 11 , The Guardian reveals that the NSA shares information with the Israeli intelligence services including metadata U.S. citizens , although it is necessary for this operation, the Government of Israel requested a court order authorizing it.■ On September 20 it is known that the NSA had compiled information data networks of financial institutions, including Visa or Mastercard or the Society of Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT ) .■ A new declassified NSA documents confirms Sept. 25 the agency controlled during the decades of the 60s and 70s the international communications of activists, civil rights leaders and senators , including Martin Luther King , Muhammad Ali , Jane Fonda and journalists of the Times and the Post , Tom Wicker and Art Buchwald .■ A day later, the Office of Inspector General of the NSA publishes a report on the abuses and excesses of the monitoring functions in the agency incurred in 12 specific cases since 2003 are recognized , many of them related to research the love life of some citizens .■ On September 28 , the way in which the NSA uses the data it collects to create maps to reconstruct the social and personal connections of citizens is revealed.■ On 14 October, the Post reports that the NSA has been storing every year more than 250 million mailboxes and users contact lists from companies like Yahoo , Gmail or Facebook .■ On 20 October , Der Spiegel disclosed that the U.S. spied the personal email account of Felipe Calderon when he was president of Mexico , as well as most members of his cabinet.■ The next day , Le Monde reports on how the NSA had also intercepted more than 70 million telephone calls from French citizens in a month and had undergone surveillance networks of major telecommunications companies in France.■ On 23 October , German Chancellor Angela Merkel personally called his U.S. counterpart to report that he had information that had controlled U.S. mobile phones. Merker Obama warns that, constatarse , that would be " a serious breach of trust ."■ A day later disclosed that in 2006 , the NSA had under surveillance 35 phone calls world leaders.■ On October 25 it was confirmed that one of those leaders was the Spanish President Mariano Rajoy and the U.S. agency had collected in a month 60 million citizens of Spain calls .■ On October 30 we know that the NSA had pirated connections data storage centers of Google and Yahoo , a legal activity and that the information collected belonged to foreigners. Was published the same day the U.S. government is spying Pope Francisco.■ On November 11 , Der Spiegel disclosed that the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries was also a victim of NSA spying .■ On November 19, the NSA publishes more than 1,000 pages of documents in which it is recognized that two of the metadata collection systems used by the agency systematic manner violated laws protecting privacy . The NSA violations attributed to poor supervision and negligence in checking the implementation of the programs , but never deliberate violations.■ The next day , The Guardian revealed a secret agreement between the U.S. and the UK signed in 2007 that allowed the NSA to use the personal data of British citizens.■ On 23 November is known by the Dutch newspaper NSA introduced the virus in more than 50,000 computer networks worldwide .■ On 28 November disclosed that the NSA surveillance was conducted diplomats and leaders attending the G20 summit in Toronto in 2010.■ On December 4, the Post reveals how the NSA had collected the locations of hundreds of thousands of foreign nationals around the world through their mobile phones. The program distinguishes between two people meet together or will do in the midst of a large crowd. The agency defended the legality of this practice to be people who are not Americans.■ On December 5 , the daily L' Espresso notes that the Italians had also fallen victim to the NSA spy who had devices to keep tabs on the leaders of that country in the U.S. Embassy in Rome and Milan.■ On December 8 , the major technology companies sent a letter to President Barack Obama asking him to expedite the review of the NSA.■ The next day, disclosed that the NSA, in collaboration with the FBI , the Pentagon and the British secret services had under surveillance items online games. The Pentagon had even design your own game for smartphones to more easily access the user data . This spy agencies justified in their suspicions that terrorists could communicate through these online gaming networks . That same day, the Canadian Press reveals the collaboration of its intelligence services to the NSA.■ On 10 December reported how the NSA had designed a program that cookies inserted into the Google site to infiltrate certain computers.■ 10 days later , Der Spiegel reports how NGOs and UN organizations such as UNICEF and WHO were within the scope of the NSA spying and the Prime Minister and Defense Minister of Israel and the European Commissioner Competition , the Spanish Joaquín Almunia.■ On 16 December , a federal judge questioned the constitutionality of the program of collection calls. Just over a week later, another federal judge failed that it is legal.■ On 19 December , the report of the committee of experts to review the NSA recommends extension programs spy agency is limited .■ On January 2 , the Post reveals that the NSA is working on a megaordenador , called Quantum , to decode the most complicated encryption systems that are used today, a company that is also involved the European Union and Switzerland.■ On January 14 , the Post reveals the mechanisms, from the introduction of radio control , allowing the NSA access to computers around the world without any attached . The programs that the agency infect the computers allowed him to turn them on via a remote control. The NSA used this method on two databases China. Other objectives were Iran 's nuclear program , EU officials and the Mexican government .■ On January 16 , The Guardian reported the existence of Dishfire program that has allowed the NSA to collect about 200 million text messages a day worldwide to extract , through them, the location of users , your contact list or details of their credit cards .
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