スペインの国立証券取引委員会の元委員長のフリオ·セグラの回顧記事、銀行の詐欺的優先株式の販売を止めなかった責任者
JULIO SEGURA /Expresidente de la CNMV
“Mi sucesora no debería preocuparse por las preferentes, hay 17 expedientes”
Miguel Ángel Noceda / David Fernández 14 OCT 2012 - 00:00 CET
Julio Segura / Former President of the CNMV
"My successor should not worry about the preference, there are 17 records"
Michelangelo Noceda / David Fernandez 14 OCT 2012 - 00:00 CET
Julio Segura has just completed his term as president of the National Securities Market Commission (CNMV), a position he arrived in 2007 at full tide and appalled by the actions of Manuel Conthe. Tide touched calm and address the modernization of the task that remains. Not been without conflict as the preferred and Bankia IPO. By the way to retirement, this man who refused to be governor of the Bank of Spain in 2006, speaks of it.
Question. In 2007 he said he had to change many things, what has been achieved?
Response. Greatly. Have improved aspects of the disciplinary system, there is more research capacity and allowed to use improper compensation for damage as a modular element for the penalty. Not everything we would have liked, but it's pretty. We still have a serious problem in the lack of capacity to demand redress the harm caused and the lack of research facilities. Nevertheless we can be satisfied. When I entered the average was seven cases per year in the next five years has been 21.
P. Had I had more media, are certain fiascos have been avoided?
R. The CNMV would have been more effective. It would have expanded the capacity for monitoring, queries and complaints.
P. Do not you think there are little dissuasive sanctions?
R. The important thing is to be dissuasive reputational cost and this is achieved by publicizing the penalties and sanctions. And it would be more deterrent if communicated fully register as Competition.
P. He stressed malfunction of the CNMV.
R. There has been a failure of regulatory policy design, which led to a weakening of supervision. Before the basic principle was that there was no need for more transparency and conflicts of interest were resolved with self-regulation. Both are false. The crisis has shown that self-regulation does not work when there are conflicts of interest. To work well the markets have to know how to resolve conflicts of interest and how to improve transparency.
P. And what aspects need to reform the CNMV?
R. First and foremost in not relying on the public offer of employment, and second, to have more budgetary independence, as the Bank of Spain. The CNMV is easy, because it is financed by fees for services. On the other hand, I do not like to be in the Council general secretary of the Treasury, because it lacks independence, true that more apparent than real, the Government, and I support the General Insurance longer supervisory and regulatory . Should pass solvency of companies and pension funds to the Bank of Spain and the market operations and standards of conduct to the CNMV. It should also be recast claims services, depending on the CNMV.
P. Some things the IMF recommended.
R. There are three areas in which attention and all three do not depend on the CNMV: governance, budgetary autonomy and self-regulatory capacity. But I want to note that of the 36 principles that the IMF analyzed between 2006 and 2012 and by removing those three, 28 are fully met and five almost complete. In any case, says it has improved in three key areas: detection of systemic risks, procedure for market surveillance and effective supervision distance thematic investment services.
P. Have you felt lack of independence?
R. No. I've always said that it is difficult to be dependent. I have received no pressure, just a call both the previous and current government in which I conveyed the opinion on an issue and, if appropriate, disagreement with decisions of the CNMV. Always listen to the opinions and I can change if I find compelling, though it has never happened. It is reasonable to know the position of the Government and the Bank of Spain. Another thing to receive instructions, which I never have, or is not deemed competent or the CNMV as a step in your political career. But if the only asset is the personal prestige is hard to be dependent.
P. Are the appointments are objective?
R. President of the CNMV it must appoint the Government and Parliament to assess limited competition. Now just look at the inconsistencies, which I think is unnecessary. Then the president should appoint the vice president. What does not make sense is that President and Vice President are known when named. It's crazy that the president will appoint a vice president and others.
P. That has happened now, do you think that a good lawyer is vice president of the State?
R. I have some references it extraordinary. The potential difficulty is that it has three highly technical skills that can not avoid office: the presidency of the Advisory Committee, which deals with issues supertécnicos and financial markets, not legal, is adviser to the Bank of Spain, which implies solvency review financial stability, and is the representative of the CNMV in the Financial Stability Committee (CESFI). I tend to think that there are profiles tighter than the state's advocate, but I hope you have every success.
P. Have you heard the statements of its successor, Elvira Rodriguez?
R. All I've read is that he has said he will expedientar preferred by entities. But you should not worry because there are 17 current files. He also said that the things he had done wrong should change the CNMV. That's great, I have no objection.
P. Precisely the sale of preference shares by the IPO of Bankia are perceived as the main spots of its mandate. Do you think it is fair assessment?
R. I think it is wrong because in both cases the CNMV has done everything he could do as the law. In the case of preference have criticized us we would not have prevented the sale between retailers. Had we done so, we would have broken the law. With a complex financial product as is preferred, the entity that markets should take a test customer convenience, but if this sign a document acknowledging that it is not convenient and knows all its risks but still want to buy it, the supervisor can not do anything to prevent it. We have also been criticized failures in monitoring their marketing. It is physically impossible for the CNMV had put an inspector in each of the more than 24,000 offices of the entities that sold the product in 2009. What we did was what we could do, namely to ensure that the prospectus was transparent and contained all the information. Finally, we made a subsequent inspection to see if the sale of the preferred fulfilled all legal requirements.
P. And in the case of Bankia?
R. Again it is a question of legal competence. The brochure containing all the relevant information so that investors could make a reasoned decision. That is, the risks involved in the IPO, including the possibility of nationalization and its significant real estate exposure and its financial situation. Some criticize us saying we should have known that the entity accounts did not reflect the real situation. It was impossible to know because the auditor gave us all annual reports without any reservations. The responsibility of a possible fraud or error in the valuation of assets and liabilities is the auditor's own resources and skills are the Bank of Spain. Furthermore, in the case of demand Bankia additional precautions titrators as two independent and institutional had a stretch of at least 40%. We have also been criticized not suspended the listing of Bankia. The CNMV suspended only when there is a part of the market that has information not available to the rest, which did not happen with Bankia.
P. Do you think that independent directors are eligible to be defined as such?
R. It has ruled that they can not be more than 12 years as an independent company. I would have put the limit at eight. However, nothing has been said about their salaries and I think it would be wise to put some limit. Human is different if your independence is your comfort level depends mainly on what you enter for being a company director.
スペインの国立証券取引委員会の元委員長のフリオ·セグラの回顧記事、銀行の詐欺的優先株式の販売を止めなかった責任者
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