2012年01月27日日曜日16:46 曇り 最低気温;5ー6ºc、最高気温;11ー13ºc、Barcelona
スペインの経済の悪化で、2012年には外国人労働者が126'227人、スペインを去る
La diáspora daña la economía
El año pasado, 126.227 extranjeros dejaron el país
Miguel Ángel García Vega Madrid 25 ENE 2013 - 19:42 CET
The diaspora hurts the economy
Last year, 126,227 foreigners left the country
Miguel Ángel García Vega Madrid 25 ENE 2013 - 19:42 CET
Foreigners leave Spain. The intensity varies diaspora sources, but the movement appears incontestable. Last year, 126,227 foreigners left the country. These are the numbers from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) published a few days ago. The fact is the evidence that Spain is losing the main asset of any nation: people.
This only leaves out problems. Just reduce the unemployment rate, consumer hits valuable segments complicates the financing of pensions, more aging population, the anemic housing market weakens and does not lower health spending. On the contrary, it deprives us of a generation of young and educated entrepreneurs large amount of public funds.
The problem is to analyze the returns there are no accurate statistics. Joaquin Recaño, researcher at the Center for Demographic Studies at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, working with their own. And part of a disturbing fact. Only you know where 24.5% of emigrants. We know, from your information, that 26.7% of Ecuadorians who left Spain in 2011 returned to their country of origin, compared with 13.6% of Romanians and 9.7% of Moroccans. These nationalities are a good example, as they represent the three largest colonies in Spain. Another certainty is that 32% of Latin Americans who return have Spanish nationality. That is, there is a strong output of this group.
Thousands of young educated with public funds leaving the country
The movement is so complex that it may have to resort to large numbers, such as the Workers' Commissions (CCOO), to get an accurate picture of the situation. The union estimates that between 2009 and September 2012 1,574,722 foreigners left. But the demographics have noticed something unusual. This diaspora would have been a relief for the unemployed. But, against all odds, this movement has cleared out another counter and a magnitude (1,548,855 people) similar. This paradox responds to "a lack of control of migration flows," says Carlos Martin, economist CCOO. "We have to try, at least at this stage of recession, no workers kept coming, because that affects the immigrants themselves, as they occupy the lowest career ladder, where there is more pressure."
Now, with a labor market almost closed, except for temporary agricultural-, how do you explain this move? Carmen Gonzalez, lead researcher at the Real Instituto Elcano, believes "that most of the entries is for family reunions." It is suspected. Because there are published data on permissions granted for this reason. Obviously, this migratory movement locks the back. But whose? And how many?
One in three American Spanish passport is returning
Demographers complain that the figures on return are opaque. So, other analysts, as Amparo Gonzalez, CSIC researcher, also use their own numbers. The photograph obtained confirms the intense abandonment. Between 2007 and 2011, about 600,000 American left Spain. And again comes as a surprise. Return those most in relative terms (in absolute values are Ecuadorians, being the largest community) are Brazilian (nearly 14 casualties per 100 registered), Chile (10) and Argentina (10). The least, Ecuadorians and Cubans.
Why stay in a country of six million unemployed? The answer is simple. Despite the economic situation, social benefits (education or health) are better than in their home countries.
The pity is that due to demographic disorder impossible harness that spontaneously return current that "affects more men than women," said Joaquín Arango, Professor of Sociology at the Complutense University of Madrid and president of the CIS, to establish trade ties with those returning. "You lose business opportunities and human capital, which in many cases has been made with public money," reflects Amparo Gonzalez.
To make matters worse, foreign progress is not serving to relieve tension on unemployment. In fact, "if it did, would be limited, and would have to wait to see the real effect on the Labour Force Survey (LFS)," said Joaquin Recaño, Population Studies Center. Moreover, a major problem is generating added. "At the start of migration, who first leave are the best [in terms of work]," says Gonzalez, CSIC. In other words, "those who have more education and entrepreneurship, which precisely corresponds to the young."
So the vision that emerges after the fog lifted leaves a more elderly Spanish population, losing talent of self and others and that does not lower its pressure on unemployment. However, unemployment is not the only economic derivative. This diaspora has a "direct impact on the decrease in the birth rate, the drop in household formation and the decrease in consumption, since this population had adapted to the economic model of Spain and were, for example, engines certain habits of low cost and shopping malls ", describes Sara Baliña economist International Financial Analyst (AFI). That same loss also feels Francisco Doors, Accenture partner. This candidate warns of the impact on the State's case, as it "enters less through direct and indirect taxes." And ends: "It is important not to return money to Spain."
The departure of so many people not relieve the public purse, as some voices touting. According to the study Immigration and the welfare state in Spain, La Caixa, less than 1% of pension recipients are foreigners and less then 5% of health spending. More telling would collect the 278,480 Europeans for more than 65 years of moving to live in Spain. Four years ago there were only 194,839.
These new demographic trends illuminate the magnitude of social change which we live. What we did not know was that, for example, Latin Americans to nationalize not reduce their propensity to leave Spain. Unlike. This is important because it is the birth of a new Spanish population. The more mobile ever.
MIGUEL ANGEL GARCIA VEGA
An American immigrant family expected the plane to return home in the Barajas airport in Madrid. / Bernardo Perez
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