スペインの環境保護団体のECOLOGISTA En ACCION の2011年のスペインの大気汚染の年間報告によると、世界保険機構の基準によると90%のスペイン住民は汚染された空気を吸っている、国の法律によると22%の国民の1040万0000人の国民が汚染大気を呼吸している
El 94% de los españoles respira aire contaminado
El informe anual de Ecologistas en Acción subraya que un 22,4% de la población vive en zonas que superan los límites que marca la legislación europea
El 95% de los europeos en ciudades respira partículas muy nocivas
Bruselas señala a España como el país europeo más contaminante
DESCARGABLE La calidad del aire en el Estado español en 2011
Maryem Castillo Madrid 2 OCT 2012 - 13:44 CET
94% of the Spanish breathe contaminated air
The annual report of Ecologists in Action emphasizes that 22.4% of the population live in areas that exceed the limits set by European legislation
95% of Europeans in cities breathe very harmful particles
Brussels says Spain as the European country most polluting
DOWNLOADABLE Air quality in the Spanish state in 2011
Maryem Castillo Madrid 2 OCT 2012 - 13:44 CET
At least 9 out of 10 Spanish breathe air that exceeds the levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), according to the annual report on air quality in Spain in 2011, released today by the organization Ecologists in Action. If we go by the contamination limits in the legislation, the percentage of population affected is 22%, ie, about 10.4 million people.
The situation, however serious, has remained at stable levels in recent years, mainly due to the effect of the crisis. The main air pollutant is traffic in metropolitan areas, where most of the population. According to complaints from Ecologists in Action, Administrations are not taking the necessary measures to address this serious public health problem.
To evaluate the number of Spanish people who breathe polluted air have been taken into account five pollutants recognized by the experts who have the most health problems originated in Spain in 2011. These are the particulate matter (PM10 and PM2, 5), tropospheric ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
As in the years after 2007, in 2011 there was a small reduction in pollution levels over previous years, which-as is pointing this environmental organization-still happening more circumstantial reasons for the introduction of measures planned and designed to improve air quality. Among the causes of this situation include reduced mobility caused by the crisis (the automotive fuel consumption in 2011 was 14.8% lower than in 2007, although it rebounded last year), the decrease industrial activity due to economic conditions and, finally, the evolution of the fleet towards smaller, more efficient vehicles (and therefore less polluting). The study, which analyzes data that provides regional administrations from their networks to measure pollution, says that 94% of the population (44.3 million people) breathe air that exceeds the rates recommended by the WHO.
One of the most important data of the report is the measurement of tropospheric ozone, considered by experts as one of the most harmful to human health with particle pollution, as it can cause or aggravate respiratory problems and exposure to this agent in cities is still very high. According to the document, 79% of the total population (about 37.1 million) breathe air polluted by ground level ozone, according to the WHO values. If calculated by European standards, the amount is reduced to 8%. Should be noted that the European Environment Agency (EEA, for its acronym in English) used in its latest report on air quality in Europe WHO values as there is "an urgent need to review EU air legislation" .
A study by the Clean Air for Europe program (CAFE) of the European Commission in 2005 states that in Spain particulate pollution causes 19,940 premature deaths per year, and about 6,000 hospital admissions for cardiac and respiratory diseases. Despite that, Juan Bárcena complaint, Ecologists in Action, Administrations are not taking the necessary steps to fix it. Bárcena advantage to remember that the European Commission in January 2009 launched infringement proceedings against Spain for failure to comply with air quality regulations that are about to reach the European Court.
Plans to improve air quality and plans of action to reduce this pollution, required under current legislation, in many cases do not exist, and in others barely have effectively due to lack of political will to undertake structural measures as Ecologists in Action, which indicates that these plans are the responsibility of the governments of the regions and the municipalities.
The former Ministry of Environment and Rural and Marine approved at the end of the legislature a National Plan to Improve Air Quality has not been launched. Meanwhile, the current Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment has stated that it intends to amend the plan and the Air Quality Act to make them "more realistic", which, according to the environmental organization, not to be optimistic about ambition to reduce contamination.
Ecologists in Action notes that the main courses of action to reduce air pollution by reducing spend motorized traffic, reducing the need for mobility and the promotion of public transport (especially electricity), plus make it easier for nonmotorists in cities. Moreover, to improve the air of industrial areas, Ecologists in Action indicates that the best strategy is the widespread adoption of best available technologies and industrial drastic reduction of power generation and replacing power plants.
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