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OPINIÓN
Previsiones del FMI: un ejercicio de realismo
El voluntarismo sirve de muy poco ante los graves problemas que afronta la economía
Ángel Laborda 14 OCT 2012 - 00:00 CET
OPINION
IMF forecasts: an exercise in realism
Voluntarism is of little use to the serious problems facing the economy
Angel Laborda 14 OCT 2012 - 00:00 CET
The last week has been short, occupationally speaking, but no less intense economic news and events. Among them include the autumn forecast of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), inflation in September and degradation rating Spanish sovereign debt by Standard & Poor's to junk level before. Regarding the latter, it can be said that these are the consequences of the slowness and confusion with which decisions are made in European countries, leading to deterioration of the situation and create uncertainty about the solvency of economies.
Diagnoses and IMF forecasts assumed no surprise. Europe is experiencing an acute and prolonged financial crisis, which have finished mixing the risks and problems of the banking system with prosecutors called peripheral countries, causing a double-dip recession is dragging the whole area and the world economy. For Spain, the IMF has confirmed, tenth up or down, the consensus estimate of analysts estimating a drop in GDP of 1.5% this year and a deficit to be located seven tenths above the target of 6.3 % of GDP (not including 1.1 points of GDP on aid to banks that are unlikely to be retrieved). If this last prediction was fulfilled, we could say that would not have missed the whole year in the field of fiscal adjustment, since the deficit would have been reduced about two points (about four in its structural component excluding interest) in a context of economic recession, which is a very important effort. The Fund itself has proposed that in the current fiscal adjustment processes more progressive and prolonged in time, depending, in any case, the specific situation of each country and the possibilities of further funding deficits and debt. It is a realistic proposal should note that European leaders. Now, do not think that in Spain we have a lot of room for relaxing considering the direction and speed of public debt.
The current inflation is not due to demand pressures, is bad by any measure
For 2013, the IMF expects a fall in GDP of 1.3%, a budget deficit of 5.7% of GDP (1.2 points above the target) and a rising unemployment rate. Sure that the government does not have anything like these figures. But, without losing the conviction that ultimately end up beating the crisis, we must be realistic. Voluntarism is of little use to the serious problems facing our economy. Moreover, it is counterproductive to set almost impossible goals, for his non-compliance leads to disappointment, loss of credibility and mistrust. Moreover, as surely Fund analysts have given greater drop in GDP and a further increase in unemployment if their models were included in further fiscal adjustment to reach the target of 4.5% of GDP. In the same report presents a work which concludes that the fiscal multiplier effect on GDP has increased dramatically in this crisis worldwide. Put simply and approximate each point deficit reduction may induce a reduction in GDP of the same order of magnitude, although this can vary significantly depending on circumstances and countries.
Inflation is again a problem. In June we were at 1.9% and three months later at 3.4%. The trouble is not due to demand pressures, on the contrary, is sinking, nor to increases in labor costs. This type of inflation would have at least some positive effect, as some relief for debtors, plus it would mean that the economy regained its strength. But no, inflation is bad by any measure. Their origin is twofold: the oil barons insatiably sablean us and the public sector has decided to keep a larger share of the pie at the expense of families and businesses (VAT hike and the increase in the price of medicines paid by the consumer). These two factors are divided almost equally responsible for the rise. As a consolation, the forecasts suggest that inflation should not go much further and we will end the year at 3.5%, if he does not rise again for oil.
Angel Laborda situation is director of the Foundation of Savings Banks (Func).
Impact of VAT on CPI
Although it is early to draw more precise conclusions, the VAT hike in September seems to have had an impact close enough to our forecasts, which were five-tenths in this month and another three in the next two. From the data provided by INE follows a difference between actual inflation and taxes constants estimated 2.1 percentage points. Now this would be the theoretical impact calculated as percentage difference between the observed prices in September and it would be deducted if these prices are first deducted the VAT back and then on that basis VAT is added ancient. This estimate implies that the VAT increase is entirely transferred to final prices. But in practice it is not. Indeed, annual inflation has not risen 2.1 points in September, but 0.8. If this figure is subtracted from the effect of the change in the funding of medicines and any other outside the VAT hike, we reach the conclusion that the effect of it has been placed in about six tenths.
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