2012年8月20日月曜日17:00 曇り/晴れ 最低気温;22ー24ºC、最高気温;30ー32ºC、BARCELONA
ブラジルの裁判所は先住民の権利のために世界で3番目に大きい水力発電所建設計画を撤回
La batalla por el río sagrado
Un tribunal brasileño frena la tercera mayor presa del mundo por los derechos de los indios de la Amazonia. Duro golpe a los planes desarrollistas de Dilma Rousseff
Francho Barón Río de Janeiro 19 AGO 2012 - 21:31 CET
The battle for the holy river
A Brazilian court restrains the third largest dam in the world for the rights of the Indians of the Amazon. Blow to the developmental plans of Dilma Rousseff
Rio Baron Francho 19 AGO 2012 - 21:31 CET
The war between Brazilian indigenous groups and environmentalists against the government of Dilma Rousseff for the construction of the hydroelectric plant of Belo Monte on the Xingu river channel, rages. In a landmark decision, the Fifth Division of the Federal Court of the First Region, based in Brasilia, has decided to revoke the license of the mega dam construction, projected to be the third largest in the world, after China's Three Gorges and Itaipu, on the border between Brazil and Paraguay.
The ruling, issued days ago, is a blow to the developmental agenda of the Government of Brasilia, the cornerstone of which is the so-called Economic Acceleration Plan (PAC). The plan has encountered an element decades is controversial political debate in Brazil: Indian rights and the protection of their ancestral land, enshrined in the Constitution.
The court, it has followed the setback promoted by the U.S. Attorney's Office has ruled that the company responsible for building and managing the plant, Energy North, can not proceed with the construction site in an Amazon tributary.
COUNTRY
But sources present in the town of Altamira, where work is carried out have confirmed that they continue their normal course. "We have found that the machines and the workers follow the normal work flow. Again Norte Energia operates in an unclear since the judgment was delivered five days ago, "said Antonia Melo, coordinator of the Xingu Vivo platform, which brings together NGOs and affected groups.
North Energy Sources reported last Friday that the company had not yet received any formal notification of the judgment. During the first year was run on 11% of the project and the company is expected to become operational hydropower in February 2015. If this paralysis extends longer than expected, it will be difficult to meet the schedule.
For now, North Energy's lawyers have been given until the end of this year to unclog a dispute that threatens to further erode the image of a project that has led many celebrities to speak out against.
The court's decision sets a daily fine of 500,000 reais (just over 200,000 euros) for the construction company that refuses to accept the verdict. The ruling also means a harsh wake-up call to the Executive Dilma Rousseff, who openly supports the construction of Belo Monte on the grounds that the development plans designed to Brazil require a radical reduction in energy deficit. Currently the per capita consumption of electricity in Brazil is considerably lower than that of any country in the European Union (EU). To reduce this gap, the Government aims to maximize hydropower generation with the expectation that the Brazilian electricity consumption grows by 60% during this decade.
The Amazon basin, with large rivers, has emerged as the solution to this challenge: hydropower is a renewable, inexhaustible and clean, but requires far-reaching infrastructure in regions that until now had remained outside the din of excavators. The Belo Monte dam in the northern state of Pará, will have a capacity of 11,000 megawatts, equivalent to 11 nuclear reactors.
The decision to halt Belo Monte's works is based on the Brazilian Congress did not make the necessary consultations with indigenous communities before approving the plenary session in 2005, the legislative decree that authorized the government to give the green light to the works .
According to the ruling, further consultations were held not by representatives of Congress, but by other state institutions that were not relevant, as the Brazilian Environmental Institute (IBAMA).
"The Brazilian Constitution does not authorize further study, but a previous study. We can not accept this dictatorship we see in Brazil. It is a work and ask questions later. Indigenous communities need to be heard and respected, "said the Judge Antônio de Souza Prudente introducing fault.
The Brazilian Court decision is also based on Article 231 of the Constitution, which provides special protection for indigenous people, land, history and customs. "The Indians are human beings with the same rights as any Brazilian citizen," the judge said De Souza.
The ruling is a landmark victory for environmentalists and indigenous organizations that for years face dog face to the construction of Belo Monte. According Xingu Vivo, in the area where the works are developed there are three indigenous territories demarcated.
Juruna ethnicities Arara and that would be the most affected, although it is extremely difficult to determine the groups and the number of Indians living in the region. The Brazilian government itself admits the existence of isolated Indian communities whose contact with the white man has been witness to today.
For its part, North Energy has made its own calculations: in the area of influence around 2,200 Indians live. According to the mega dam construction consortium, all their leaders have been adequately consulted on several occasions. However, in the very start of the works, a little over a year, the Indian leader Sheyla Juruna Jakarepi told this newspaper: "There have been continued violations of our rights, including the right to be consulted before a project of this magnitude. So far have not heard the objections of the Indians. The government is lying when it says that we were consulted. "
Shortly before sentencing, the Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) condemns the project, with the same legal basis as the Federal Court just rule: have not met the legal process to take into account the views of the Indians.
Belo Monte will flood an area of 500 square kilometers where it has found the presence of indigenous communities. The impact of the work would be located primarily in the Xingu river channel, especially in the section called Volta Grande, where Indian and peasant communities have lived for decades. According to several studies, hydro cause sudden fluctuations in the river, which affect navigation and fishing, two primary activities for these communities.
The sectors that oppose Belo Monte also insist that the work will attract nearly 100,000 people from all over Brazil and the region is not ready to absorb so many people in fair condition.
For its part, North Energy insists that local people will benefit from a range of socio-environmental compensation measures planned for the project totaling 3,700 million reais (1,480 million euros). This development program includes the construction of schools, hospitals, sewerage systems and housing complexes for families living in flood zones. In Altamira, several sources agree that at the moment the work of the hydro moves much faster than the regional development program committed.
North Energy's reaction to the ruling was warned of the damage of the same. "The first injured with a possible suspension of works will be Brazil. Bring unpredictable consequences for the Brazilian energy matrix and will need to activate power plants, more polluting and much higher costs, "values the company said in a statement. The consortium has already announced that it intends to invalidate the judgment before the year ends. This should appeal before the Supreme Court of Brazil.
Not only in Brazil growing criticism of hydropower projects. In Chile, the government supports one controversial in the Baker and Pascua rivers, south of the country, which make up the energy deficit. However, it has generated massive protests inside and outside Chile for being a virgin area.
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