スペインの企業経営者と一般従業員の賃金隔差は、90倍にも
Una casta a prueba de crisis
La brecha salarial entre los directivos de las empresas y sus empleados se amplía
Los principales ejecutivos cobran 90 veces más que sus empleados
Los altos sueldos no se justifican desde el punto de vista del valor generado
David Fernández 13 MAY 2012 - 01:26 CET
A crisis-proof caste
The wage gap between business managers and employees is extended
Top executives charged 90 times more than their employees
The high salaries are not justified from the point of view of the value generated
David Fernandez 13 MAY 2012 - 01:26 CET
Adam Smith, the theoretical head of economic liberalism, tried to answer over 200 years ago to the question of when it can be considered a person rich. In his opinion, a person was rich or poor according to the amount of labor that could hire. If followed to the letter defining the author of The Wealth of Nations, many of the CEOs of large companies are authentic Spanish SMEs in power because his salary could pay tens, if not hundreds, of salaries Annual workers of the same company.
In a country close to the six million unemployed is on neighborhoods suffering. There is a privileged caste remains immune to the difficulties. The crisis has widened the wage gap between managers and employees. The year 2007 was the last economic boom. That year, the executive directors and members of senior management of Ibex 35 companies that remain today in the rate charged on average 873,666 euros, while the average expenditure per employee was 37,122 euros. That is, there is a wage gap of 23.53 times. In 2011, inequality was extended until 24.68 times: the managerial elite of those same companies -534 people-half received compensation of 1.07 million euros, and the average expenditure per worker was 43,353 euros.
Luis Tinoco
In those four years, therefore, the growth of the wage gap was 4.8%. Some people may think it is a modest increase. However, the comparison is distorted by multi-million dollar compensation that claimed some managers in 2007 (Manuel Pizarro, Victoriano Muñoz, Peter Erskine, Antonio González-Adalid or Xavier de Irala, among others) and in total amounted to more than 37 million euros .
The disproportionate increase in payrolls was not something concentrated in a handful of companies, it is a general trend among the country's largest conglomerates. In the Ibex 23 groups has increased the salary gap between senior management and staff. In the case of directors, the remuneration gap has increased by 16 companies. Companies where more has increased the wage gap between its policy elite and the rest of the employees are Ferrovial, Inditex, Abengoa, Repsol and OHL. Only in six cases-ACS, Bankinter, Caixabank, Endesa, Mediaset and Electrical-wage inequality decreased, both managers as counselors.
The increase in administrative salaries are not justified by the successful value creation for its shareholders. In the analyzed period (2007-2011) only Ibex 11 companies were profitable for their owners, adding to the stock market performance of securities dividends paid. Inditex was, by far, the company whose management team further enriched its shareholders with a total return over the five years of 76.9%. After the textile group stood Grifols (45.3%) and natural gas (36.9%). After deducting dividends, the Dow registered capital losses of 23.17% in this period. The worst was Sacyr selective value (-89%), followed by Gamesa (-68.8%) and Mediaset (68.1%). The country's two largest banks, Banco Santander and BBVA, with two of the highest-paid senior leadership of the entire stock market, were responsible for losses to shareholders of 41.5% and 53.4%, respectively.
Meetings held in 2012 to approve the accounts for 2011 bring a new transparency: it is the first time that the boards are broken down individually salaries of its members. So far, 31 groups have already held accountable Ibex their wages. The highest paid executive of these companies, which is usually the chairman and / or CEO, received a median compensation in 2011 of 3.78 billion euros, which is 89.25 times the average expenditure per employee of these companies. Many of these managers are members of the Business Council for Competitiveness (CEC), a lobby that has been openly in favor of lowering of dismissal and whose members King Juan Carlos recently asked to "pitch in" to create jobs and pull the country out of the crisis.
Activism against complacency
It may sound a truism, but the last word on the salaries of the directors of a listed company's shareholders have. In Britain and the United States has spread the wick of shareholder activism in recent weeks, with loud denials to the remuneration of directors of major companies. In Spain, however, the owners of the companies support so far almost unanimously administrators' salaries.
This week the president of the British insurer Aviva, Andrew Moss, submitted his resignation after more than 50% of shareholders voted at the last meeting against the wage board. They have also received a warning Barclays managers: 26.9% of Barclays Bank shareholders voted against the pay package of its officers, in a protest vote aimed particularly the CEO, Bob Diamond, who took 17.7 million pounds (21.5 million euros) in 2011. Another "no" was the draft that have provided Citigroup shareholders on the compensation of executives.
In Spain, but non-binding advisory vote of the Anglo-Saxon world (called say on pay) is released in the joints of 2012 after the socialist government fijase on Sustainable Economy Act the obligation for listed companies to include in the order point the day of its meetings a report with the individual remuneration of its directors. Companies have until the end of June to celebrate together, but in the cases already voted this report there has been little opposition to the remuneration. Ferrovial has been where to vote against wages had increased weight (9.6% of the shares represented at the meeting), followed by Mediaset (9.1%), Banco Santander (8.1%), Abertis (5.7%), Power Grid (5.3%), Abengoa (4.7%), Enagas (4.2%), BBVA (3.4%) and BME (2%). For Bankinter and Mapfre supporting the remuneration was virtually unanimous.
The highest paid executive in 2011 was Paul Island, with 20.3 million euros, thanks to the unique and nonrecurring award that gave Inditex after becoming president of the group. This remuneration is multiplied by 1000 the average expenditure per employee of Inditex. Island received 13.73 million shares worth further claimed 127,000 euros for attending the board, 2.45 million and 1.72 million fixed salary bonus. The manager also Inditex 2.27 million accrued for incentive plan subject to certain long-term goals.
The second in rank was the managing director of Banco Santander. Alfredo Sáenz received for all items (fixed and variable salary, allowances, insurance and contribution to pensions) 12700000. This amount represents 233 times the average expenditure per employee of the bank.
Third place in this classification corresponds to the president of Telefónica. Cesar Alierta took a total 10.27 million, ie, 266 times the average employee of the telecommunications operator.
The top ten of wages in the Ibex 35 is completed as follows: Antonio Brufau, chairman of Repsol, received a total compensation in 2011 of 10.12 million, which represents a wage gap of 185 times when compared with the remuneration half of its employees, Jose Ignacio Sanchez Galan, president and CEO of Iberdrola, was 9.5 million, ie, 142 times more than it spent in the electrical workers, Florentino Perez, president of ACS, took 6 million between salary and pension, which is equivalent to 157 times the cost per employee of the construction company, Francisco González, chairman of BBVA, joined 4.9 million, or, what is, 101 times the average expenditure allocated to the bank its staff, Jose Manuel Entrecanales, president of Acciona, won a compensation of 4.57 million, 117 times that of its employees; Felipe Benjumea, CEO of Abengoa, won 4.48 million, a figure that represents 176 times The average cost per employee of the company Andalusian, and Rafael Vilaseca, CEO of Gas Natural, whose payroll in 2011 was 3.97 million, 79 times more on average than their subordinates.
Have not yet been broken down individually salaries of directors of IAG, Gamesa, Sacyr Vallehermoso and Techniques Reunidas. With the data we have now hasa in the Ibex 35 companies there are only six cases in which the remuneration of the chief executive in 2011 was below one million euros. The most modest salary he took José Antonio Bowl (Amadeus) with 180,000 euros, only 2.13 times the average expenditure per employee of the company. Bowl, however, was the highest paid executive in 2010 Spanish thanks to a special bonus of 10 million from the IPO of the reservation center.
The second minor salary among major Ibex swords was to Rafael Martín de Nicolás. OHL's CEO received a total compensation of 681,000 euros, 22.4% more than the average of its workforce. Executives below the threshold of one million are Ricardo Currás (Day), with 687,000 euros (38.7 times the average cost of their employees); Luis Atienza (mains), with 831,000 euros (11.7 times) , Bernardo Velázquez (Acerinox), with 876,000 euros (18.5 times), and Victor Grifols (Grifols), with 912,047 euros (21.3 times).
Milloneuristas Salaries are not just the preserve of the top executives of the companies. There is a second line workers Ibex seven companies whose faces are less known, but also overcome the barrier of one million annual salary. The dome is better paid, long, the Santander Bank. The 22 members of senior management of the bank charged an average of 3.69 million in 2011, an amount that is a wage gap of 67.8 times the average expenditure per employee of the entity. They are followed by seven employees of Telefónica to 2.82 million won on average (40.5 times more than the rest). Top management of BBVA received 1.88 million apiece, almost 40 times the average cost per employee of your template. Rounding out this exclusive club of top managers Repsol (1.8 million average), Iberdrola (1.1 million), IAG (1.05 million) and Amadeus (1.03 million).
The increase in inequality of wages occurs not only in Spain but in this case, is especially high unemployment. In the U.S., for example, the Economic Policy Insitute recently published a study on this subject. The main conclusion is that between 1978 and 2011, the salary of the CEOs of 350 major U.S. companies grew by 725%, "substantially more than the stock market, and remarkably more than the average wage of the average worker." The chief executive at the Mecca of capitalism earns 231 times more than their staff.
At the University of California, The Global Price and History Group has published a study on wealth inequality throughout history. In the year 14 AD a Roman senator earned 100 times more than the average Roman. 2000 years have passed and the man has been unable to correct this imbalance. Quite the contrary.
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